{"id":788,"date":"2017-07-12T13:06:24","date_gmt":"2017-07-12T13:06:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/grains-oilseeds\/?page_id=788"},"modified":"2017-07-12T13:14:03","modified_gmt":"2017-07-12T13:14:03","slug":"winter-wheat-planting-date-trial","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/grains-oilseeds\/topics\/winter-wheat-planting-date-trial\/","title":{"rendered":"Winter Wheat Planting Date Trial"},"content":{"rendered":"

Planting Date and Variety Effects on Winter Wheat Performance<\/h2>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

Winter grains have many advantages. Planting in the fall frees up time in the spring when wet weather can cause delays, winter grains can take up nitrogen remaining from a prior crop and protect the soil over the winter, and winter grains tend to produce greater yields than their spring counterparts. However, in Northern New England, most crops are not harvested until mid- to late-September and into October, while the ideal seeding window for winter wheat is considered to be mid-September.<\/p>\n

This trial was established to investigate whether some winter wheat varieties are more tolerant than others to late planting in the fall.<\/p>\n

Research Questions
\n<\/b><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Are some winter wheat varieties less sensitive to late fall planting than others?<\/li>\n
  2. Can increasing seeding rates compensate for late planting?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Trial Design and Treatments<\/h3>\n

    Trials were established in Maine and Vermont in 2012 and 2013. The results presented here are for Maine only. Results from Vermont can be found at the UVM Extension Northwest Crops and Soils Program website<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Table 1. Planting date, rate and varieties evaluated in the winter wheat planting date trial, in Maine in 2012 and 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Winter wheat varieties<\/th>\nPlanting dates and seed rates<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    2012<\/th>\n2013<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Arapahoe
    \nMaxine
    \nAC Morley
    \nRedeemer
    \nHarvard, 2012 only<\/td>\n    		Sept 9 – 32 seeds\/sq.ft.
    \nOct 6 – 32 seeds\/sq.ft.
    \nOct 18 – 32 and 47 seeds\/sq.ft<\/td>\n    		Sept 15 – 32 seeds\/sq.ft.
    \nSept 24 – 32 seeds\/sq.ft.
    \nOct 5 – 32 seeds\/sq.ft.
    \nOct 18 – 32 and 47 seeds\/sq.ft.
    \nOct 26 – 32 and 47 seeds\/sq.ft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Table 2. Site and plot management information for the winter wheat planting date trial, in Maine in 2012 and 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Location<\/td>\nUniversity of Maine Rogers Research Farm, Old Town, ME<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Soil type<\/td>\nNicholville very fine sandy loam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Previous crop<\/td>\n2012 trial – clover plowdown; 2013 trial – winter wheat – mustard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Tillage operations<\/td>\nMoldboard plow (2012), disc harrow, perfecta harrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Fertility source and rate<\/td>\nSolid dairy manure at 28 tons per acre (available nutrients = 75 lbs N; 130 lbs P2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>; 245 lbs K2<\/sub>O per acre)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Row spacing<\/td>\n6.5 inches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Harvest dates<\/td>\n7\/23\/2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Plot size<\/td>\n6’ x 15’ = 90 ft2<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Table 3. Monthly precipitation and temperature for Old Town, Maine in 2012 and 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Month<\/th>\nTotal precipitation (in)<\/th>\n30-year average<\/th>\nAverage temperature (°F)<\/th>\n30-year average<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n2012<\/th>\n2013<\/th>\n<\/td>\n2012<\/th>\n2013<\/th>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Sept of prior year<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n8.0<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n61<\/td>\n56<\/td>\n57<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Oct of prior year<\/td>\n4.3<\/td>\n7.0<\/td>\n4.0<\/td>\n49<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n46<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nov of prior year<\/td>\n2.6<\/td>\n1.6<\/td>\n4.4<\/td>\n41<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    March<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n2.6<\/td>\n4.1<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    April<\/td>\n3.7<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n44<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    May<\/td>\n4.3<\/td>\n4.6<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    June<\/td>\n6.0<\/td>\nnot avail.<\/td>\n4.1<\/td>\n61<\/td>\nnot avail.<\/td>\n62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    July<\/td>\n1.0<\/td>\nnot avail.<\/td>\n3.6<\/td>\n68<\/td>\nnot avail.<\/td>\n68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Total<\/td>\n25.8<\/td>\n<\/td>\n31.6<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Planting Date<\/em> Results (2012): <\/b><\/h3>\n

    Note: In the graphs, treatments that have a letter in common are not statistically different from each other.<\/i><\/p>\n

    Weed Biomass <\/b><\/p>\n