{"id":12208,"date":"2025-05-29T14:08:11","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T18:08:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/?p=12208"},"modified":"2025-05-29T14:08:11","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T18:08:11","slug":"garlic-ipm-newsletter-no-7-may-29-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/2025\/05\/29\/garlic-ipm-newsletter-no-7-may-29-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Garlic IPM Newsletter No. 7 &#8212; May 29, 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"12224\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12224\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Field of garlic plants, showing long green leaves emerging from the soil.\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-105x79.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-317x238.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-423x317.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-634x476.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-846x635.jpg 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-951x713.jpg 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garlic field in midcoast Maine; photo by Peyton Ginakes, UMaine Cooperative Extension.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Fungal diseases remain the primary concern this season due to continuously wet conditions. Botrytis leaf blight in particular is increasing in prevalence at all scouting locations, and the weather forecast warrants action for those using fungicides. As a reminder, the action threshold for the first fungicide application is when:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lesions average 1 or more per leaf<\/strong>. Inspect ten groups of three plants each, counting the number of leaves and lesions on each to find the average per leaf (not plant). At our four scouting locations, we are finding 1.2 to 7.9 lesions per leaf on average &#8211; all of which are over threshold. Scout your plants to track lesion development.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Modified Blight Alert IPI on NEWA for your location is 7 or greater<\/strong>. This number is a measure of how conducive environmental conditions are for botrytis development.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chances of rain are 30% or greater<\/strong>. Check NEWA or your local weather forecast and apply a fungicide before upcoming rain events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fungicide protection is lost within 7 days or 1&#8243; rain, after which coverage should be maintained based on the IPI and continued development of the disease in your field. Actively manage botrytis when the IPI is &gt; 7 for 5-7 days of the forecast.<\/p>\n<h3>Insect Pests<\/h3>\n<p>Much of Maine has now accumulated sufficient GDDs for <strong>onion maggot<\/strong> to emerge (390 GDD<sub>40<\/sub>), and many locations in southern and midcoast Maine are reaching peak flight. If this pest has been problematic in your area in past years, protect your allium crop with row cover. Peak flight of the overwintering generation occurs at 735 GDD<sub>40<\/sub> &#8211; wait to remove row covers until one month after this since adults can live for 2-4 weeks. <a href=\"https:\/\/mco.umaine.edu\/growing\/gdd_maps\/\">Track GDDs in your area on the Maine Climate Office page<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>No <strong>onion thrips<\/strong> have yet been found at any scouting locations, and are only starting to be seen as far north as Massachusetts. Thrips hatch at 140 GDD<sub>52.7<\/sub> &#8211; these GDDs can also be tracked on the <a href=\"https:\/\/mco.umaine.edu\/growing\/gdd_maps\/\">MCO page<\/a>. Fryeburg, Kittery, and Sanford will likely surpass this threshold within the next week, but since thrips thrive in hot and dry weather, the wet forecast will work to those growers&#8217; advantage in the short term.<\/p>\n<p>There have been no signs or reports of <strong>leek moth<\/strong> or <strong>allium leafminer<\/strong> thus far in Maine. Remember to <a href=\"https:\/\/myemail.constantcontact.com\/Garlic-IPM-Newsletter-No--6.html?soid=1101748490405&amp;aid=lRJcb7VpzU8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">keep an eye out for leek moth<\/a> and report any signs of this pest to <a href=\"mailto:peyton.ginakes@maine.edu\">Peyton Ginakes<\/a>. Collect photos and plant samples when at all possible. Learn more about allium leafminer below.<\/p>\n<h4>Allium Leafminer<\/h4>\n<p>Like leek moth, this is another insect pest to be on the lookout for. While it has not been found in Maine, it was first detected in the US (PA) in 2015 and has since spread as close to Maine as New York and Massachusetts.<\/p>\n<p>Pupae overwinter in soil or in plants, and emerge early in spring (350 GDD33.8). ALM adults lay eggs on allium crops, <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/allium-leaf-miner-on-track-to-emerge-in-early-april\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leaving a series of circles on leaves<\/a> &#8211; its most recognizable sign. When larvae hatch, they mine downward toward the base of plants and pupate either in the plant or nearby soil. Adults emerge in fall, constituting the second generation. Damage from the spring generation is limited to plants with sizeable leaves at the time of emergence: chives, ramps, scallions, ornamental alliums, and garlic. Those alliums harvested before the fall (September) generation emerges are low-risk; leeks, chives, scallions, and ornamentals remain high-risk.<\/p>\n<p>While the ovipositing marks can decrease quality of allium crops with marketable leaf components (chives, spring onions, ramps), the primary damage inflicted by this pest is the larval mining. Destructive in and of itself, this feeding also invites disease and pupae may remain in leaf sheaths and plant bases\/bulbs.<\/p>\n<p>UMaine Cooperative Extension and the Maine Dept. of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry are monitoring for the presence of this pest. To help with this effort, look for signs of ALM in your allium crops and contact Peyton Ginakes if you see signs of this pest. Adult flies are small, (0.11&#8243; long), have an orange\/yellow spot on their heads, and yellow &#8220;knees&#8221;. Oviposition marks on leaves are the easiest signs to look for. Pupae are 0.11-0.15&#8243; long, reddish brown, and leave feeding mines in leaves and between leaf sheaths.<\/p>\n<p>For more information, see additional resources from and <a href=\"https:\/\/cals.cornell.edu\/integrated-pest-management\/outreach-education\/fact-sheets\/allium-leafminer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Penn State Extension, Cornell AgriTech<\/a>\u00a0and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.umass.edu\/agriculture-food-environment\/vegetable\/fact-sheets\/leafminer-allium\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UMass Extension<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"12226\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12226\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6-300x237.png\" alt=\"Pie graph showing that 46% of garlic newsletter recipients feel their garlic crop looks better than usual this year; 31% feel the crop is the same; and 23% are less happy than usual with their garlic crop this year.\" width=\"300\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6-300x237.png 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6-1024x809.png 1024w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6-768x607.png 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6-105x83.png 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6-317x250.png 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6-423x334.png 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6-634x501.png 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6-846x668.png 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6-951x751.png 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2025\/05\/unnamed-6.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Last week&#8217;s poll results<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Peyton Ginakes, PhD<br \/>\nResearch Associate<br \/>\nUniversity of Maine Cooperative Extension<br \/>\nHighmoor Farm<br \/>\n52 US-202<br \/>\nMonmouth, ME 04259<br \/>\n(207) 933-2100<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:peyton.ginakes@maine.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peyton.ginakes@maine.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>This project is funded by a Specialty Crop Block Grant through the Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry. Funding for the Maine 2024 Specialty Crop Block Grant Program was made possible by a grant\/cooperative agreement from the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USDA.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Where brand names or company names are used, it is for the reader&#8217;s information. No endorsement is implied nor is any discrimination intended against other products with similar ingredients. Always consult product labels for rates, application instructions and safety precautions. Users of these products assume all associated risks.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The University of Maine System is an equal opportunity institution committed to nondiscrimination.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fungal diseases remain the primary concern this season due to continuously wet conditions. Botrytis leaf blight in particular is increasing in prevalence at all scouting locations, and the weather forecast warrants action for those using fungicides. As a reminder, the action threshold for the first fungicide application is when: Lesions average 1 or more per [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":201,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[208],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-garlic-ipm-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Garlic IPM Newsletter No. 7 - May 29, 2025 - Cooperative Extension at Highmoor Farm - University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/2025\/05\/29\/garlic-ipm-newsletter-no-7-may-29-2025\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Garlic IPM Newsletter No. 7 - May 29, 2025 - Cooperative Extension at Highmoor Farm - University of Maine Cooperative Extension\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fungal diseases remain the primary concern this season due to continuously wet conditions. 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