{"id":13240,"date":"2026-05-07T15:36:55","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T19:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/?p=13240"},"modified":"2026-05-07T15:36:55","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T19:36:55","slug":"garlic-ipm-newsletter-no-2-may-7-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/2026\/05\/07\/garlic-ipm-newsletter-no-2-may-7-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Garlic IPM Newsletter No. 2 &#8212; May 7, 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As you scout your garlic, you may notice areas where plants haven&#8217;t emerged or where young foliage is distorted. Unfortunately, there are several possible causes for this erratic emergence and growth. That is because the growing point of garlic is its basal plate, where the roots meet the fleshy clove. When the growing point is damaged, stunted and\/or distorted growth can result. This is why the symptoms of so many soilborne pathogens and root-feeding organisms are indistinguishable in garlic, and why looking more closely at the clove and basal plate is necessary for determining the cause. Here are a few possible culprits (click on picture to enlarge):<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-13240 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"258\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-258x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Close up of garlic clove that heaved on top of the soil during winter, exposing the roots.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-13244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-258x300.jpg 258w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-880x1024.jpg 880w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-768x894.jpg 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-105x122.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-317x369.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-423x492.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-634x738.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-846x985.jpg 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-951x1107.jpg 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,258px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-13244'>\n\t\t\t\tGarlic clove heaved to the soil surface by freezing and missing some roots. \ufeffPhoto by Peyton Ginakes, UMaine Extension.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Mite damage on garlic cloves.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-13241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-105x79.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-317x238.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-423x317.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-634x476.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-846x635.jpg 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-951x713.jpg 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-13241'>\n\t\t\t\tDusty brown cloves indicative of dry bulb mites.\n\n\ufeffPhoto by Peyton Ginakes, UMaine Extension.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"287\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-300x287.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Stunted, curled garlic leaves emerging from soil, indicating Fusarium infection.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-13242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-300x287.png 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-768x736.png 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-105x101.png 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-317x304.png 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-423x405.png 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-634x607.png 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-846x811.png 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-951x911.png 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9-32x32.png 32w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-9.png 1004w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-13242'>\n\t\t\t\tStunted garlic plant with curled leaves infected by Fusarium.\n\nPhoto by Peyton Ginakes, UMaine Extension.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-300x226.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Hard, darkened black growth mass, known as Botrytis porri on garlic bulb.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-13243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-105x79.png 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-317x239.png 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10-423x319.png 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-10.png 467w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-13243'>\n\t\t\t\tHard black Botrytis porri sclerotia on garlic neck.\n\n\ufeffPhoto by Steven B. Johnson, UMaine Extension.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Frost heaves<\/strong>: Mulching over winter insulates cloves against freeze-thaw cycles in the soil. When mulch isn&#8217;t thick enough, cloves can get heaved to the soil surface, often tearing the roots from the basal plate and sometimes resulting in poor growth or death.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mites<\/strong>: Two types of mites that feed on garlic cloves\/bulbs, including the basal plate, commonly persist in soil and on seed cloves. The feeding of <em>Rhizoglyphus<\/em> spp. results in raised brown bumps on cloves, while dry bulb mites, <em>Aceria<\/em> spp., cause sunken brown circles from feeding and give cloves a frosted, desiccated appearance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Onion or seedcorn maggot<\/strong>: Larvae of these flies feed on root systems, typically resulting in young plants that wilt and then die &#8211; but distorted growth can occur with later generations that feed on established plants as well. These insects are especially problematic in high organic matter soils.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fusarium basal rot<\/strong>: <em>Fusarium<\/em> spp. are a relatively common fungal pathogen of garlic, spreading on seed cloves, in soil, on people and equipment, and through soil water. Infections tend to occur in wet conditions, causing distorted growth, stunting, yellowing, wilt, or death.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/1206e\/\"><strong>Blue mold<\/strong><\/a>: Usually considered a storage disease, the distinctive blue to blue-gray mycelium of <em>Penicillium<\/em> spp. fungi can sometimes go unnoticed when cracking bulbs for planting, spread among seed stock, and then cause poor emergence.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/1205e\/\"><strong>Bloat nematode<\/strong><\/a>: These nematodes feed on root systems and garlic cloves themselves, resulting in reduced or absent root and puffy, bloated bulbs, respectively.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bulb rots<\/strong>: Both white rot (<em>Sclerotinia cepivorum<\/em>) and <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/1207e\/\">botrytis neck rot<\/a> (<em>Botrytis porri<\/em>) are serious fungal pathogens of alliums that can persist in soils for a very long time. Although neither specifically infect the growing point, they can result in similarly patchy stands, and their identification is crucial for controlling spread.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These issues vary in their severity and persistence, and plants may grow out of some of them if conditions do not favor continued pathogen development, pesticides are applied, etc. <strong>In many cases, the best way to avoid these problems is to avoid introducing them<\/strong>. Buy seed from a reputable source (ideally one with clean seed garlic test results) and be discerning when popping cloves for planting. Submit unhealthy clove or plant samples to the UMaine Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab to identify the cause and management strategies.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Allium Leafminer<\/h3>\n<p>As the weather warms, insect pests are becoming active. One such pest to keep an eye out for is allium leafminer (ALM), which emerges in early spring, at 350 Growing Degree Day (GDD)<sub>1\u00b0C<\/sub>. While this pest has not been detected in Maine, it has been found in much of the rest of New England.<\/p>\n<p>When females emerge in spring, they begin laying eggs on the leaves of allium plants and leave behind distinctive ovipositioning marks. This is the first and most obvious sign of ALM to scout for. While these marks themselves don&#8217;t do much damage to garlic, the larvae that hatch from the eggs can then mine down the leaves and into the base of the plant where they will pupate. The mining damage and pupae can render bulbs unmarketable, in addition to spreading the pest.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"13248\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13248 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-300x238.jpg\" alt=\"Close up of garlic clove with allium leafminer pupae.\" width=\"300\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-105x83.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-317x251.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cals.cornell.edu\/integrated-pest-management\/outreach-education\/fact-sheets\/allium-leafminer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Allium leafminer pupae on garlic bulb.<\/a><br \/>Photo by Teresa Rusinek, Cornell Univ.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"13249\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13249 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-225x300.png\" alt=\"Close up of onion leaf with tiny, round ovipositioning marks left by Allium Leafminer.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-105x140.png 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-317x422.png 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11.png 341w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/fall-flight-of-allium-leafminer-observed-in-southeast-pa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ovipositioning marks on onion made by allium leafminer.<\/a><br \/>Photo by Tim Elkner, Penn State Extension.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Again, ALM is <strong>not<\/strong> known to be present in Maine. But, when 350 GDD<sub>1\u00b0C<\/sub> accrue in your area, keep an extra eye out for these telltale marks and report any possible signs of the pest to Peyton Ginakes by email at <a href=\"mailto:peyton.ginakes@maine.edu\">peyton.ginakes@maine.edu<\/a>. Durham and Rochester, NH have surpassed this threshold, Augusta is forecasted to on May 11, and Lewiston and Monmouth are likely to surpass it later next week. To use the <a href=\"https:\/\/newa.cornell.edu\/degree-day-calculator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEWA Degree Day Calculator<\/a> for this purpose, choose the weather station nearest you, select a start date of Jan 1, and set the base temperature to 1\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>Peyton Ginakes, PhD<br \/>\nResearch Associate<br \/>\nUniversity of Maine Cooperative Extension<br \/>\nHighmoor Farm<br \/>\n52 US-202<br \/>\nMonmouth, ME 04259<br \/>\n(207) 933-2100<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:peyton.ginakes@maine.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peyton.ginakes@maine.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>This project is funded by a Specialty Crop Block Grant through the Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry. Funding for the Maine 2024 Specialty Crop Block Grant Program was made possible by a grant\/cooperative agreement from the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USDA.<\/p>\n<p>Where brand names or company names are used, it is for the reader&#8217;s information. No endorsement is implied nor is any discrimination intended against other products with similar ingredients. Always consult product labels for rates, application instructions and safety precautions. Users of these products assume all associated risks.<\/p>\n<p>University of Maine Cooperative Extension is an equal opportunity institution and provider committed to nondiscrimination. For more information, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/nondiscrimination\/\">extension.umaine.edu\/nondiscrimination<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As you scout your garlic, you may notice areas where plants haven&#8217;t emerged or where young foliage is distorted. Unfortunately, there are several possible causes for this erratic emergence and growth. That is because the growing point of garlic is its basal plate, where the roots meet the fleshy clove. When the growing point is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":201,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[208],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-garlic-ipm-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Garlic IPM Newsletter No. 2 - May 7, 2026 - Cooperative Extension at Highmoor Farm - University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/2026\/05\/07\/garlic-ipm-newsletter-no-2-may-7-2026\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Garlic IPM Newsletter No. 2 - May 7, 2026 - Cooperative Extension at Highmoor Farm - University of Maine Cooperative Extension\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As you scout your garlic, you may notice areas where plants haven&#8217;t emerged or where young foliage is distorted. Unfortunately, there are several possible causes for this erratic emergence and growth. That is because the growing point of garlic is its basal plate, where the roots meet the fleshy clove. 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