{"id":13259,"date":"2026-05-14T15:39:43","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T19:39:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/?p=13259"},"modified":"2026-05-14T15:39:43","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T19:39:43","slug":"garlic-ipm-newsletter-no-3-may-14-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/2026\/05\/14\/garlic-ipm-newsletter-no-3-may-14-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Garlic IPM Newsletter No. 3 &#8212; May 14, 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"13266\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13266\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Healthy garlic field.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1-105x140.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1-317x423.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1-423x564.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1-634x845.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1-846x1128.jpg 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1-951x1268.jpg 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-11-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,225px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Healthy garlic field in midcoast Maine. Photo by Peyton Ginakes, UMaine Extension.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Cool, wet weather has not slowed garlic growth at scouting locations in Buxton, Topsham, or Washington, and plants are generally healthy with about 5-7 leaves each. Some infrequent emergence issues are being investigated and are likely the result of mites or Fusarium, both of which were highlighted in last week&#8217;s newsletter on spotty emergence. What appear to be Botrytis leaf blight (Botrytis squamosa) lesions are also increasing at all sites. Samples of these lesions have been submitted to the University of Maine Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab for positive identification. Results will be shared in next week&#8217;s newsletter alongside how to use Network for Environment and Weather Applications (NEWA) to forecast foliar diseases like Botrytis leaf blight.<\/p>\n<h3>Forecasting Insect Pests with Growing Degree Day Models<\/h3>\n<p>The development of many insect pests is driven by the accumulation of temperature, which is calculated using growing degree day (GDD) models. For example, onion maggot begins to emerge at 390 GDD<sub>40\u00b0F<\/sub>. The subscript is the &#8220;base&#8221; temperature, referring to the lower threshold for development. In this case, no onion maggot development occurs below 40\u00b0F. The lower this temperature, the more quickly GDDs accumulate. The GDDs for each day are calculated as the average daily temperature minus the base. For example, the high in Lewiston on May 12 was 57\u00b0F, and the low was 29\u00b0F. The GDD can be calculated as follows:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(57+29)\/2 &#8211; 40 = <strong>3 GDD<sub>40\u00b0F<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Most models begin Jan 1, well before any GDDs accrue. Each day&#8217;s GDD accumulates, and onion maggot adults begin to emerge from their overwintering pupae when 390 is reached. Fortunately, websites like the Maine Climate Office and NEWA track these accumulations. Remember to always refer to the correct base temperature.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"13267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13267 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12-1024x409.png\" alt=\"Sample graph from Network for Environment and Weather Applications (NEWA) website.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12-1024x409.png 1024w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12-105x42.png 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12-317x127.png 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12-423x169.png 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12-634x253.png 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12-846x338.png 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12-951x380.png 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-12.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of Cornell&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/newa.cornell.edu\/onion-maggot\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEWA onion maggot tool<\/a>, for Lewiston on May 14, 2026.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The above chart shows the daily accumulation of GDDs for onion maggot in Lewiston. On May 14, 315 GDD<sub>40\u00b0F<\/sub> had accrued there. The 390 GDD<sub>40\u00b0F<\/sub> threshold for onion maggot emergence to begin is forecasted for May 19, when the black line crosses into the blue-shaded region.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"13269\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13269\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-13-231x300.png\" alt=\"Example map from Maine Climate Office.\" width=\"231\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-13-231x300.png 231w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-13-105x137.png 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-13-317x413.png 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-13-423x551.png 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-13-634x825.png 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2026\/05\/unnamed-13.png 660w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,231px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of <a href=\"https:\/\/mco.umaine.edu\/agriculture\/gdd_maps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maine Climate Office base 40\u00b0F GDD map for onion maggot emergence through May 13, 2026<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>For a wider range of Maine locations, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/mco.umaine.edu\/agriculture\/gdd_maps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maine Climate Office website<\/a> and refer to the base 40\u00b0F map (top-right graph). The 390 GDD threshold has been surpassed in Kittery, and will likely be reached in Sanford within the next week. Damariscotta, Fryeburg, and Portland all are in the low 300s now, and next week&#8217;s heat wave will bump them closer to this threshold, too.<\/p>\n<h3>More on Onion Maggot<\/h3>\n<p>Despite all this talk about onion maggot, it is not typically a serious pest of garlic (though it can be in onion). Still, it is helpful to be aware of its biology to know when to look out for suspicious plant symptoms. Onion maggot flies lay their eggs at the base of allium plants after they emerge, and the maggots feed on roots and bulbs when they hatch. This causes young plants, especially newly transplanted or direct seeded onions, to suddenly yellow, wilt, and die. The maggots then move on to neighboring plants. You can read more about onion maggot in last year&#8217;s newsletter that explained this pest&#8217;s biology, impact on allium crops, and management strategies in detail.<\/p>\n<p>All major insect pests of garlic in New England are listed in the chart below along with their GDD models for easy reference against the Maine Climate Office maps that update daily. GDDs for <strong>allium leafminer<\/strong> emergence have now been surpassed in Damariscotta, Kittery, Portland, and Sanford, and will likely be surpassed in Augusta, Bangor, Ellsworth, Lewiston, Newry, and West Rockport within the next week. Recall from the <a href=\"https:\/\/myemail.constantcontact.com\/Garlic-IPM-Newsletter-No--2.html?soid=1101748490405&amp;aid=c53djgSpsMw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">previous newsletter on allium leafminer (ALM)<\/a> that this pest <strong>has not been found<\/strong> in Maine, but please scout your crop and reach out to Peyton Ginakes by email at <a href=\"mailto:peyton.ginakes@maine.edu\">peyton.ginakes@maine.edu<\/a> if you see any potential ovipositioning marks.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 75%;background-color: #c5dff0\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Pest<\/th>\n<th>GDD Model<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Allium Leafminer<\/td>\n<td>emergence at 350 GDD<sub>1\u00b0C<\/sub>\u00a0= 630 GDD<sub>33.8\u00b0F<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Onion Maggot<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">emergence at 390 GDD<sub>40\u00b0F<\/sub>, peak flight at 735 GDD<sub>40\u00b0F<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Leek Moth<\/td>\n<td>emergence at 50\u00b0F (no GDD model)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Onion Thrips<\/td>\n<td>emergence at 140.4 GDD<sub>52.7\u00b0F<\/sub>, each generation requires 323 GDD<sub>52.7\u00b0F<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Peyton Ginakes, PhD<br \/>\nResearch Associate<br \/>\nUniversity of Maine Cooperative Extension<br \/>\nHighmoor Farm<br \/>\n52 US-202<br \/>\nMonmouth, ME 04259<br \/>\n(207) 933-2100<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:peyton.ginakes@maine.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peyton.ginakes@maine.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>This project is funded by a Specialty Crop Block Grant through the Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry. Funding for the Maine 2024 Specialty Crop Block Grant Program was made possible by a grant\/cooperative agreement from the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USDA.<\/p>\n<p>Where brand names or company names are used, it is for the reader&#8217;s information. No endorsement is implied nor is any discrimination intended against other products with similar ingredients. Always consult product labels for rates, application instructions and safety precautions. Users of these products assume all associated risks.<\/p>\n<p>University of Maine Cooperative Extension is an equal opportunity institution and provider committed to nondiscrimination. For more information, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/nondiscrimination\/\">extension.umaine.edu\/nondiscrimination<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cool, wet weather has not slowed garlic growth at scouting locations in Buxton, Topsham, or Washington, and plants are generally healthy with about 5-7 leaves each. Some infrequent emergence issues are being investigated and are likely the result of mites or Fusarium, both of which were highlighted in last week&#8217;s newsletter on spotty emergence. What [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":201,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[208],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-garlic-ipm-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Garlic IPM Newsletter No. 3 - May 14, 2026 - Cooperative Extension at Highmoor Farm - University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/highmoor\/2026\/05\/14\/garlic-ipm-newsletter-no-3-may-14-2026\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Garlic IPM Newsletter No. 3 - May 14, 2026 - Cooperative Extension at Highmoor Farm - University of Maine Cooperative Extension\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cool, wet weather has not slowed garlic growth at scouting locations in Buxton, Topsham, or Washington, and plants are generally healthy with about 5-7 leaves each. Some infrequent emergence issues are being investigated and are likely the result of mites or Fusarium, both of which were highlighted in last week&#8217;s newsletter on spotty emergence. 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