{"id":8606,"date":"2023-10-04T11:46:25","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T15:46:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/?page_id=8606"},"modified":"2024-08-19T13:08:32","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T17:08:32","slug":"pfas-and-dairy-animals","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/dairy\/pfas-and-dairy-animals\/","title":{"rendered":"PFAS and Dairy Animals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Authors: Ana Jimenez, Glenda Pereira and Juan Romero<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of more than 4,000 chemicals composed of carbon and flourine bonds. PFAS have been in use since 1940 and are found in industrial products because of their resistance to grease, oil, water and heat. Exposure to PFAS via food, water and dust can lead to adverse health outcomes in humans.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<figure id=\"8622\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/dairy\/pfas-and-dairy-animals\/typical-pfas-pathways-eea\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8622\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8622\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/Typical-PFAS-Pathways-EEA.png\" alt=\"Typical PFAS exposure pathways\" width=\"800\" height=\"656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/Typical-PFAS-Pathways-EEA.png 975w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/Typical-PFAS-Pathways-EEA-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/Typical-PFAS-Pathways-EEA-768x630.png 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/Typical-PFAS-Pathways-EEA-105x86.png 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/Typical-PFAS-Pathways-EEA-317x260.png 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/Typical-PFAS-Pathways-EEA-423x347.png 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/Typical-PFAS-Pathways-EEA-634x520.png 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/Typical-PFAS-Pathways-EEA-846x694.png 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/Typical-PFAS-Pathways-EEA-951x780.png 951w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"image-attribution\">European Environmental Agency via Creative Commons<\/span><strong>Sources of PFAS:<\/strong><br \/>industry, consumer goods and firefighting foam (click image for descriptive text on attachment page). \u2013 European Environmental Agency via Creative Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"8625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8625\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-length-of-carbon-chain-and-.jpg\" alt=\"two graphics depicting 'Length of carbon chain and polar head makes a difference,' descriptive text in caption of graphic\" width=\"600\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-length-of-carbon-chain-and-.jpg 643w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-length-of-carbon-chain-and--300x288.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-length-of-carbon-chain-and--105x101.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-length-of-carbon-chain-and--317x304.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-length-of-carbon-chain-and--423x406.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-length-of-carbon-chain-and--634x608.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-length-of-carbon-chain-and--32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"image-attribution\">\u2013 Ana Jimenez Lagos Illustration<\/span><strong>Length of carbon chain and polar head makes a difference:<\/strong> Cattle can urinate short carbon chains (7 or less), whereas perfluooctane sulfonic (PFOS, 8) acid bioaccumulates. The sulfonate group in PFOS further restricts its excretion via urine compared to PFAS with carboxyl groups. \u2013 Ana Jimenez Lagos Illustration<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<blockquote><p>Dairy animals can be exposed to PFAS if they eat or drink contaminated feed or water.<sup>1<\/sup> Long chain PFAS such as perflourooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) accumulate in dairy animals because they mostly are not urinated and are re-circulated through the enterohepatic cycle (EHC).<sup>2<\/sup> PFOS is present in milk even after the animal consumes clean feed because it can take 39-106 days for 50% of the accumulated PFOS to clear from blood.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"8627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/dairy\/pfas-and-dairy-animals\/pfas-in-dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8627\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8627\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-1024x264.png\" alt=\"three circles and directional arrows in a graphic depicting the flow of PFAS chemicals through dairy to milk to blood\" width=\"1024\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-1024x264.png 1024w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-300x77.png 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-768x198.png 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-1536x397.png 1536w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-105x27.png 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-317x82.png 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-423x109.png 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-634x164.png 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-846x219.png 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-951x246.png 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood-1268x328.png 1268w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-flow-of-chemicals-through-dairy-milk-blood.png 1781w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For Heifers and Lactating Animals, the flow of chemicals through the system. Click image for descriptive text on an attachment page \u2013 Ana Jimenez Lagos Illustration<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><a id=\"heifers\"><\/a>Heifers<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Enterohepatic circulation (<a href=\"#enterohepatic-circulation\">graphic below<\/a>) facilitates bioaccumulation of PFOS in the animal until first lactation<sup>3 ,4<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>There is potential for reducing PFOS with pre-partum feeding management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a id=\"lactating-animals\"><\/a>Lactating Animals<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Milk is a major excretion route of PFOS in contaminated cattle because it is rich in proteins <sup>5<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>As milk yield increases, PFOS concentration in milk seems to decrease <sup>6<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a id=\"enterohepatic-circulation\"><\/a>How do PFOS recirculate?<\/h3>\n<p>Enterohepatic circulation (EHC) is the movement of bile acids from the liver to the small intestine and acids are an important component in the movement of PFOS in dairy animals.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 368px\" width=\"549\" cellspacing=\"3\" cellpadding=\"3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<h4><strong>Legend<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8611\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/1-red-circle.png\" alt=\"the number 1 in white type on a red circle\" width=\"25\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/1-red-circle.png 45w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/1-red-circle-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #c1272d\"><strong>Liver:<\/strong> <\/span>cleans blood, aids in digestion by secreting bile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8612\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/2-lime-green-circle.png\" alt=\"the number '2' in white type on a lime green circle\" width=\"25\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/2-lime-green-circle.png 45w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/2-lime-green-circle-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #8dc63f\"><strong>Gallbladder:<\/strong><\/span> stores bile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8614\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/3-olive-green-circle.png\" alt=\"the number '3' in white type on a olive green circle\" width=\"25\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/3-olive-green-circle.png 45w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/3-olive-green-circle-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #858333\"><strong>Small Intestine:<\/strong><\/span> main site of nutrient and water absorption<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8615\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/4-purple-circle.png\" alt=\"the number '4' in white type on a purple circle\" width=\"25\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/4-purple-circle.png 45w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/4-purple-circle-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #662f90\"><strong>Large Intestine:<\/strong><\/span> primarily forms feces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8616\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/5-royal-blue-circle.png\" alt=\"the number '5' in white type on a royal blue circle\" width=\"26\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/5-royal-blue-circle.png 45w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/5-royal-blue-circle-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 26px) 100vw, 26px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #055285\"><strong>Portal Vein:<\/strong> <\/span>carries blood to the liver<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8617\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/6-orange-circle.png\" alt=\"the number '6' in white type on a orange circle\" width=\"25\" height=\"26\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/6-orange-circle.png 45w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/6-orange-circle-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #e47825\"><strong>Kidney:<\/strong><\/span> removes metabolic waste and extra water from blood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8637\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/the-number-7-in-a-light-blue-circle.png\" alt=\"the number '7' in white type on a light blue circle\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/the-number-7-in-a-light-blue-circle.png 51w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/the-number-7-in-a-light-blue-circle-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #7bbde5\"><strong>Common bile duct<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8618\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/lime-green-8-point-star-with-gold-outline.png\" alt=\"lime green 8-point star with a gold outline respresenting PFOS\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/lime-green-8-point-star-with-gold-outline.png 64w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/lime-green-8-point-star-with-gold-outline-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>PFOS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<figure id=\"8630\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/dairy\/pfas-and-dairy-animals\/pfas-in-dairy-graphic-how-do-pfos-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8630\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-8630\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"alt text - descriptive text on attachment page for graphic\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-2048x1368.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-105x70.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-317x212.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-423x283.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-634x424.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-846x565.jpg 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-951x635.jpg 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2023\/10\/PFAS-in-Dairy-graphic-How-do-PFOS-recirculate-dairy-intestines-graphic-1268x847.jpg 1268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>General Circulation: Enterohepatic Circulation (EHC) Through a Dairy Cow.<\/strong> Click image for descriptive text displayed on an attachment page. \u2013 Ana Jimenez Lagos Illustration<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<p>1 \u2014 Ateia M., et al., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0045653518325281?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The overlooked short- and ultrashort-chain poly- and perfluorinated substances<\/a>: A review (ScienceDirect) from Chemosphere. 2019 Apr;220:866-882 [https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0045653518325281?via%3Dihub]<\/p>\n<p>2 \u2014 Chiang, J. Y. L. (2013), <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cphy.c120023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling (Wiley Online Library)<\/a>, In Comprehensive Physiology (Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 1191\u20131212). Wiley. [https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cphy.c120023]<\/p>\n<p>3 \u2014 Death, C., Bell, C., Champness, D., Milne, C., Reichman, S., and Hagen, T. (2021), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969720383285?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Per-<\/em> and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in livestock and game species: A review (ScienceDirect)<\/a>, The Science of the Total Environment, 774(144795), 144795. [https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969720383285?via%3Dihub]<\/p>\n<p>4 \u2014 Kowalczyk J., et al. 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00244-012-9759-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transfer of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) From Contaminated Feed Into Milk and Meat of Sheep: Pilot Study (Springer Link)<\/a>, Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 63(2):288-98. [https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00244-012-9759-2]<\/p>\n<p>5 \u2014 Kowalczyk J., et. al. 2013, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/jf304680j\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Absorption, Distribution, and Milk Secretion of the Perfluoroalkyl Acids PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA by Dairy Cows Fed Naturally Contaminated Feed (ACS Publications)<\/a>, J Agric Food Chem. 61(12):2903-12. [https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/jf304680j]<\/p>\n<p>6 \u2014 van Asselt ED., et al. 2013, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0308814613004810?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transfer of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) from contaminated feed to dairy milk (ScienceDirect)<\/a>, Food Chemistry 141(2):1489-95. [https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0308814613004810?via%3Dihub]<\/p>\n<p>7 \u2014 Johnson, J. D., Gibson, S. J., and Ober, R. E. (1984), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0272059084902355?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cholestyramine-enhanced fecal elimination of carbon-14 in rats after administration of ammonium [<sup>14<\/sup>C]perfluorooctanoate or potassium [<sup>14<\/sup>C]perfluorooctanesulfonate (ScienceDirect)<\/a>, Fundamental and Applied Toxicology: Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology, 4(6), 972\u2013976. [https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0272059084902355?via%3Dihub]<\/p>\n<p>8 \u2014 Cao H., et al. 2022., <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.1c07176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Effect of Enterohepatic Circulation on the Accumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Evidence from Experimental and Computational Studies (ACS Publications)<\/a>, Environ Sci Technol. 56(5):3214-3224. [https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.1c07176]<\/p>\n<p>9 \u2014 Grant R. and Kononoff P., <a href=\"https:\/\/extensionpublications.unl.edu\/assets\/html\/g1358\/build\/g1358.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Feeding to Maximize Milk Protein and Fat Yields (G1358, University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln Extension Publications)<\/a>, 2007. [https:\/\/extensionpublications.unl.edu\/assets\/html\/g1358\/build\/g1358.htm]<\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"background-color: #dff0f7;border-color: #003263\" border=\"3px\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"15\" cellpadding=\"15\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>PFAS and the Maine Food System<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>This page, \u201cPFAS and Dairy Animals,\u201d is a recommended resource relevant to the work that University of Maine Cooperative Extension and other statewide partners are doing in providing Maine\u2019s communities with essential information regarding PFAS.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>For More Information and Additional PFAS Resources:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/pfas\/\" style=\"text-transform:none;\" ><span class=\"button\"> Return to: PFAS and the Maine Food System <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Authors: Ana Jimenez, Glenda Pereira and Juan Romero Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of more than 4,000 chemicals composed of carbon and flourine bonds. PFAS have been in use since 1940 and are found in industrial products because of their resistance to grease, oil, water and heat. Exposure to PFAS via food, water [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":0,"parent":5,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/page-withsidebar.php","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8606","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PFAS and Dairy Animals - Cooperative Extension: Livestock - University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/livestock\/dairy\/pfas-and-dairy-animals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PFAS and Dairy Animals - Cooperative Extension: Livestock - University of Maine Cooperative Extension\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Authors: Ana Jimenez, Glenda Pereira and Juan Romero Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of more than 4,000 chemicals composed of carbon and flourine bonds. 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