{"id":18159,"date":"2018-05-21T11:04:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-21T15:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/?page_id=18159"},"modified":"2024-05-24T09:24:05","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T13:24:05","slug":"4806e","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4806e\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulletin #4806, Maine Farms: Active Listening to Improve On-Farm Communication"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-18169\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"665\" class=\"alignright wp-image-18169\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication.jpg\" alt=\"Extension educator talks with a farmer\" style=\"width: 370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication-105x70.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication-317x211.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication-423x281.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication-634x422.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication-846x563.jpg 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/05\/farm-communication-951x632.jpg 951w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,1000px\" \/><\/a><\/em><strong>Maine Farms: Life and Business in Balance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>By <i>Leslie Forstadt<\/i>, Human Development Specialist, University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/\">extension.umaine.edu<\/a>.<\/strong><br><strong>Find more of our publications and books at <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/\">extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<p>This publication series, <strong>Maine Farms: Life and Business in Balance<\/strong>, provides ideas for you to consider about the human and relational skills of farming including how to have farm team meetings, stress management, defining roles, and talking about life and business balance, or what some people think of as \u201cwork\/life integration.\u201d Whatever it means to you, this series is intended to provide you with useful ideas to consider.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Titles include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bulletin <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4801e\/\">#4801, Why Gratitude Matters<\/a><br><em>Learn how the simplicity of thanks and gratitude can benefit employees and family members.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bulletin <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4802e\/\">#4802, Successful Farm Team Meetings<\/a><br><em>Learn some logistics about why and how to have effective meetings with your farm team.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bulletin <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4803e\/\">#4803, Farm and Family\u2014Finding Balance<\/a><br><em>Learn how considering your personal experience of balancing can benefit the farm family.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bulletin <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4804e\/\">#4804, Who Does What on the Farm? The Importance of Roles<\/a><br><em>Learn how to think about the roles and responsibilities of tasks on the farm and how delegating can help.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bulletin <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4805e\/\">#4805, Recognizing the Signs of Farmer Stress<\/a><br><em>Learn to understand that how you\u2019re doing matters and the importance of checking in with the people you work with.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bulletin <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4806e\/\">#4806, Active Listening to Improve On-Farm Communication<\/a><br><em>Learn how to listen well so everyone on the team has a chance to speak and be heard.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bulletin <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4807e\/\">#4807, Farm Coaching to Support Farm-Team Communication<\/a><br>Learn how the benefits of farm coaching can help you to meet your goals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bulletin <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4808e\/\">#4808, Appreciation Feedback<\/a><br><em>Learn new skills on how to give appreciation feedback to motivate your team.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2014\/06\/dad-daughter-corn-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"dad and daughter in corn field\" class=\"wp-image-13615\" style=\"width:370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2014\/06\/dad-daughter-corn-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2014\/06\/dad-daughter-corn-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2014\/06\/dad-daughter-corn-105x70.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2014\/06\/dad-daughter-corn-317x211.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2014\/06\/dad-daughter-corn-423x281.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2014\/06\/dad-daughter-corn-634x422.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2014\/06\/dad-daughter-corn-846x563.jpg 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2014\/06\/dad-daughter-corn-951x632.jpg 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2014\/06\/dad-daughter-corn.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In many situations, it can be difficult to really hear what someone is saying. Active listening challenges you to focus all your attention on the person who is speaking in order to reach a new level of understanding. Using these approaches may feel awkward at first, so keep this list handy remind yourself how to integrate these new methods. Give yourself the time and space to stop, reformulate your question and listen fully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th colspan=\"2\">Effective Listening Techniques<\/th><\/tr><tr><th>Active Listening Skills<\/th><th>Tips to Encourage Sharing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Ask Open-Ended Questions \u2014<\/strong> See Tips to Encourage Sharing (at right)\n<p><strong>Restate \u2014<\/strong> \u201cLet me see if I\u2019m clear about this: ____.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>I heard you say, \u201c____.\u201d Is that accurate?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Summarize \u2014<\/strong> \u201cSo it sounds to me as if\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Minimal Encouragers \u2014<\/strong> Prompts such as \u201cumm-hmm,\u201d \u201cOh,\u201d \u201cI understand,\u201d \u201cThen?\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reflect \u2014<\/strong> Instead of just repeating, reflect the feelings of the speaker, \u201cThis seems really important to you.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Emotion Labeling \u2014<\/strong> \u201cAre you feeling frustrated&#8230;worried&#8230;anxious\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Validate \u2014<\/strong> Acknowledge the feelings, problems, and issues the speaker is facing. \u201cI appreciate your willingness to talk about such a difficult issue.\u201d \u201cI\u2019m sorry that happened to you.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Clarify \u2014\u201c<\/strong>Am I understanding you correctly?\u201d \u201cCould you tell me more about the sequence of events?\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Silence \u2014<\/strong> Allow for comfortable silences to slow down the exchange or diffuse difficult interactions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td><strong>\u2192<\/strong> I\u2019d like to hear your thoughts on this topic\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> It would be helpful to hear your perspective.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> How will (proposed solution) change the current situation?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> What have you been thinking about while waiting for this conversation to take place?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> What do you think would happen if you\u2026?\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> What do you want to see happening differently?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> If you could change anything, what would it be?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> Tell me more about\u2026.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> You said, \u201c____.\u201d Can you say more or explain?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> When you use the word \u201c____,\u201d what do you mean?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> What matters to you most?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> Can you say more about your concern with \u201c____\u201d?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> What is it that concerns you about this?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> What leads you to say that?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2192<\/strong> What information might you need that would help you understand my concerns?<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Good feedback relies on great listening. When we work hard to hear what people are really saying, we listen to obtain information, to understand, and to learn. The list below has some suggestions to provide feedback that helps the speaker clarify their thoughts and work toward finding their own solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Effective Listening Techniques<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stop talking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Empathize with the other person<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Concentrate on what he\/she is saying<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Don\u2019t interrupt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Look at the other person<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Get rid of distractions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Get the main points<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>React to ideas, not the person<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Don\u2019t argue mentally<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Note facts and evidence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listen for what is not said<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Words and Phrases to Avoid<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u201cWhy\u201d \u2014&nbsp;<\/strong>Asking \u201cwhy\u201d something happened or \u201cwhy\u201d a particular decision was made can be tempting. This approach can trigger a defensive answer which may distract from assessing the situation. Try one of the other Active Listening Skills (see above) instead.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cI know what you mean\u201d or \u201cI\u2019ve heard that before\u201d or \u201cThat happened to me once\u2026\u201d or \u201cIn my experience\u2026\u201d \u2014&nbsp;<\/strong>These phrases are barriers to communication and convey assumptions that the farmer might take as a cue(s) to stop talking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cBut\u201d or \u201cHowever\u201d or \u201cShould\u201d or \u201cCould\u201d or \u201cWould\u201d \u2014&nbsp;<\/strong>Using words such as but, however, should, could or would can draw attention back to you (the listener). As an active listener, your goal is to have the attention remain with the speaker. It may be helpful to substitute &#8220;and\u201d in places where you normally use a \u201cbut.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Listening Speed<br><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You can listen faster than the speaker can talk. Speech is about 100 to 150 words per minute; thinking is 250-500 words per minute. Here are some ways to slow down and improve your listening:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Look at the other person \u2014 observe their face, mouth, eyes and hands.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Observe the speaker\u2019s facial expressions, movements and gestures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notice the speaker\u2019s tone \u2014 does it convey feelings of con\ufb01dence, anger, excitement, confusion, sadness or other feelings that add meaning?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notice the speaker\u2019s emotional reaction or attitude.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Feedback<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Feedback can be helpful to the speaker. In active listening, your role is to help the speaker clarify their thoughts and in doing so identify possible solutions. Feedback can redirect the conversation away from the speaker. Before offering feedback, clarify whether your feedback is meant to offer insight or add context to the speaker\u2019s point of view. Use questions such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cWhat ideas do you have to address this?\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cIs there a specific way you would like my help?\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cHave you seen someone else facing this? How did they approach it?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ask before you share pertinent information, observations, insights, and experiences. \u201cI have some information that might help with that. Would you like to hear it?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the answer is yes, then keep these tips in mind. Keep the feedback loop open so there is opportunity for the speaker to correct what you may have misheard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Limit the topics&nbsp;\u2014<\/strong> Pick two or three points of improvement to discuss. &#8220;Let&#8217;s start with your concerns or questions about ____, then brainstorm three things to try in the next week.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prepare your thoughts&nbsp;\u2014<\/strong> Reflect on what has been said, what you have heard. Jot down two or three themes. Link these to specific statements so you can check for accuracy. \u201cBecause I heard you say ____, have you thought about ____?\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Keep it positive&nbsp;\u2014<\/strong> Start off your feedback with something positive. \u201cI like what you\u2019ve said and I\u2019d like to add ____.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>If it\u2019s about improvement&nbsp;\u2014<\/strong> Instead of offering criticism, what concrete things can the speaker do to change their situation in a positive way? \u201cI suggest that you spend 10 minutes each day writing out your goals. That will help you clarify your short-term and long-term goals.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Use \u201cI\u201d Statements<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;\u2014<\/strong> \u201cI\u2019d like to hear what you have to say. Right now I need to ____. When can we schedule additional time to talk?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Additional Resources<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/maine-farmer-resource-network\/find-resources-and-assistance\/farm-and-family\/\">Balancing Farm and Family<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/maine-farmer-resource-network\/supporting-relationships-for-farm-success\/resources\/\">Multiple publications related to communication, decision making, goal setting, and time management<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/6105e\/\">Good Group Decisions<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/6103e\/\">Effective Communication<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"160\" height=\"152\" src=\"http:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/09\/northeast_sare1.jpg\" alt=\"Northeast SARE: Sustainable Agriculture Research &amp; Education logo\" class=\"wp-image-3784\" style=\"width:370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/09\/northeast_sare1.jpg 160w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/09\/northeast_sare1-105x100.jpg 105w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"66\" src=\"http:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/01\/extensionlogo-2010.jpg\" alt=\"The University of Maine Cooperative Extension logo\" class=\"wp-image-104\" style=\"width:370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/01\/extensionlogo-2010.jpg 200w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/01\/extensionlogo-2010-105x35.jpg 105w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Information in this publication is provided purely for educational purposes. No responsibility is assumed for any problems associated with the use of products or services mentioned. No endorsement of products or companies is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products or companies implied.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a9 2018, 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Call 800.287.0274 (in Maine), or 207.581.3188, for information on publications and program offerings from University of Maine Cooperative Extension, or visit <a href=\"http:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\">extension.umaine.edu<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>In complying with the letter and spirit of applicable laws and pursuing its own goals of diversity, the University of Maine System does not discriminate on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, transgender status, gender, gender identity or expression, ethnicity, national origin, citizenship status, familial status, ancestry, age, disability physical or mental, genetic information, or veterans or military status in employment, education, and all other programs and activities. The University provides reasonable accommodations to qualified individuals with disabilities upon request. The following person has been designated to handle inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies: Director of Equal Opportunity, 5713 Chadbourne Hall, Room 412, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5713, 207.581.1226, TTY 711 (Maine Relay System).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maine Farms: Life and Business in Balance By Leslie Forstadt, Human Development Specialist, University of Maine Cooperative Extension For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu.Find more of our publications and books at extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/. This publication series, Maine Farms: Life and Business in Balance, provides ideas for you to consider about the human [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":471,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18159","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bulletin #4806, Maine Farms: Active Listening to Improve On-Farm Communication - Cooperative Extension Publications - University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4806e\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bulletin #4806, Maine Farms: Active Listening to Improve On-Farm Communication - Cooperative Extension Publications - University of Maine Cooperative Extension\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Maine Farms: Life and Business in Balance By Leslie Forstadt, Human Development Specialist, University of Maine Cooperative Extension For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu.Find more of our publications and books at extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/. 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