{"id":2088,"date":"2010-06-11T16:21:19","date_gmt":"2010-06-11T20:21:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/?page_id=2088"},"modified":"2024-05-23T10:08:52","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T14:08:52","slug":"2566e","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2566e\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulletin #2566, Native Trees and Shrubs for Maine Landscapes: Sweet Birch (<em>Betula lenta<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Developed by Marjorie Peronto, Associate Extension Professor, University of Maine Cooperative Extension; and Reeser C. Manley, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, University of Maine.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/\">extension.umaine.edu<\/a>.<\/strong><br><strong>Find more of our publications and books at <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/\">extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Go native!<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This series of publications is the result of a five-year research project that evaluated the adaptability of a variety of native trees and shrubs to the stresses of urban and residential landscapes in Maine. Non-native invasive plants pose a serious threat to Maine&#8217;s biodiversity. Plants such as Japanese barberry, shrubby honeysuckle, and Asiatic bittersweet, originally introduced for their ornamental features, have escaped from our landscapes, colonizing natural areas and displacing native plants and animals. By landscaping with native plants, we can create vegetation corridors that link fragmented wild areas, providing food and shelter for the native wildlife that is an integral part of our ecosystem. Your landscape choices can have an impact on the environment that goes far beyond your property lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/betula-lenta-foliage.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"264\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/betula-lenta-foliage-264x300.jpg\" alt=\"Betula lenta autumn foliage\" class=\"wp-image-15909\" style=\"width:370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/betula-lenta-foliage-264x300.jpg 264w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/betula-lenta-foliage-105x119.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/betula-lenta-foliage.jpg 315w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,264px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo from University of Connecticut Plant Database<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Form:<\/strong> a rounded tree with a well-defined main trunk bearing stout, ascending limbs and slightly pendulous branchlets<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Size:<\/strong> 50 to 75 feet high, typically two-thirds as wide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ornamental characteristics:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>clear lemon to golden yellow fall foliage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rich dark reddish bark<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Landscape Use<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the wild, sweet birch flourishes in upland sites with moist but well-drained soils, typically found on the cool north and east slopes, growing with white pine (<em>Pinus strobus<\/em>), red oak (<em>Quercus rubra<\/em>), white ash (<em>Fraxinus americana<\/em>), Canada hemlock (<em>Tsuga canadensis<\/em>), yellow birch (<em>Betula alleghaniensis<\/em>), American beech (<em>Fagus grandifolia<\/em>), and pagoda dogwood (<em>Cornus alternifolia<\/em>). It is highly intolerant of poorly drained sites, as well as soil compaction. Among our native birches, B. lenta is most tolerant of alkaline soils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Well worth growing for its deep yellow fall foliage, sweet birch is ultimately a large tree and should be used only where space will allow development of its spreading crown, which is often as much as 50 feet wide. It is well suited for use in public parks and on college campuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Culture<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/betula-lenta-illo.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"264\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/betula-lenta-illo-264x300.jpg\" alt=\"Betula lenta illustration\" class=\"wp-image-15910\" style=\"width:370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/betula-lenta-illo-264x300.jpg 264w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/betula-lenta-illo-105x119.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/betula-lenta-illo.jpg 315w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,264px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Drawing by Margery Read<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Hardiness:<\/strong> USDA zone 3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Soil requirements:<\/strong> tolerant of a wide variety of soils<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Light requirements:<\/strong> full sun or partial shade<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Stress tolerances:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>soil compaction \u2014 intolerant<br>pollution \u2014 intolerant<br>deicing salts \u2014 intolerant<br>urban heat islands \u2014 intolerant<br>drought \u2014 intolerant<br>seasonal flooding \u2014 intolerant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Insect and disease problems:<\/strong> bronze birch borer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Wildlife Value<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Seeds of sweet birch are a favorite food of many songbirds and upland ground birds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Maintenance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Irrigation:<\/strong> During the establishment period, defined as one year after planting for each inch of trunk diameter at planting time, water your trees regularly during the growing season. Give the root zone of each tree 1 inch of water per week; in general, a tree&#8217;s root zone extends twice as wide as its canopy. After the establishment period, provide supplemental irrigation during periods of severe drought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fertilization:<\/strong> Landscape trees and shrubs should not be fertilized unless a soil test indicates a need. Correct soil pH, if necessary, by amending the backfill soil. No nitrogen fertilizer should be added at planting or during the first growing season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>To learn more about native woody plants<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Visit the Eastern Maine Native Plant Arboretum at University of Maine Cooperative Extension&#8217;s Penobscot County office, 307 Maine Avenue in Bangor. Established in 2004, the arboretum displays 24 different native tree and shrub species that can be used in managed landscapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Reviewed by Cathy Neal, Extension professor, University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension.<br>Photos by Reeser C. Manley.<br>Illustration by Margery Read, Extension Master Gardener.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/maine.gov\/doc\/mfs\/projectcanopy\/index.htm\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"108\" height=\"111\" src=\"http:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/06\/projectcanopylogo.jpg\" alt=\"project canopy logo\" class=\"wp-image-1732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/06\/projectcanopylogo.jpg 108w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/06\/projectcanopylogo-105x108.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/06\/projectcanopylogo-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 108px) 100vw, 108px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>This series of publications and the associated research were made possible in part by the Maine Forest Service\u2019s Project Canopy.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Information in this publication is provided purely for educational purposes. No responsibility is assumed for any problems associated with the use of products or services mentioned. No endorsement of products or companies is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products or companies implied.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a9 2008<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Call 800.287.0274 (in Maine), or 207.581.3188, for information on publications and program offerings from University of Maine Cooperative Extension, or visit <a href=\"http:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\">extension.umaine.edu<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The University of Maine System (the System) is an equal opportunity institution committed to fostering a nondiscriminatory environment and complying with all applicable nondiscrimination laws. Consistent with State and Federal law, the System does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, transgender status, gender, gender identity or expression, ethnicity, national origin, citizenship status, familial status, ancestry, age, disability (physical or mental), genetic information, pregnancy, or veteran or military status in any aspect of its education, programs and activities, and employment. The System provides reasonable accommodations to qualified individuals with disabilities upon request. If you believe you have experienced discrimination or harassment, you are encouraged to contact the System Office of Equal Opportunity and Title IX Services at 5713 Chadbourne Hall, Room 412, Orono, ME 04469-5713, by calling 207.581.1226, or via TTY at 711 (Maine Relay System). For more information about Title IX or to file a complaint, please contact the UMS Title IX Coordinator at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.maine.edu\/title-ix\/\">www.maine.edu\/title-ix\/<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Developed by Marjorie Peronto, Associate Extension Professor, University of Maine Cooperative Extension; and Reeser C. Manley, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, University of Maine. For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu.Find more of our publications and books at extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/. Go native! This series of publications is the result of a five-year research project [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":276,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2088","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bulletin #2566, Native Trees and Shrubs for Maine Landscapes: Sweet Birch (Betula lenta) - Cooperative Extension Publications - University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the wild, sweet birch flourishes in upland sites with moist but well-drained soils, typically found on the cool north and east slopes, growing with white pine, red oak, white ash, Canada hemlock, yellow birch, American beech, and pagoda dogwood.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2566e\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bulletin #2566, Native Trees and Shrubs for Maine Landscapes: Sweet Birch (Betula lenta) - 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