{"id":2146,"date":"2010-06-21T14:53:17","date_gmt":"2010-06-21T18:53:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/?page_id=2146"},"modified":"2024-05-23T12:30:22","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T16:30:22","slug":"2581e","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2581e\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulletin #2581, Native Trees and Shrubs for Maine Landscapes: Scarlet Elder (<em>Sambucus racemosa var. pubens<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span class=\"s1\"><i>Developed by Marjorie Peronto, Associate Extension Professor, University of Maine Cooperative Extension; and Reeser C. Manley, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, University of Maine.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/\">extension.umaine.edu<\/a>.<\/strong><br><strong>Find more of our publications and books at <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/\">extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Go native!<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This series of publications is the result of a five-year research project that evaluated the adaptability of a variety of native trees and shrubs to the stresses of urban and residential landscapes in Maine. Non-native invasive plants pose a serious threat to Maine&#8217;s biodiversity. Plants such as Japanese barberry, shrubby honeysuckle, and Asiatic bittersweet, originally introduced for their ornamental features, have escaped from our landscapes, colonizing natural areas and displacing native plants and animals. By landscaping with native plants, we can create vegetation corridors that link fragmented wild areas, providing food and shelter for the native wildlife that is an integral part of our ecosystem. Your landscape choices can have an impact on the environment that goes far beyond your property lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-300x230.jpg\" alt=\"Sambucus racemosa var. pubens fruit\" class=\"wp-image-15839\" style=\"width:370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-105x81.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-317x243.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-423x324.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens.jpg 429w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo by Reeser C. Manley<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Form:<\/strong> a multi-stemmed shrub with leggy, upright, spreading branches<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Size:<\/strong> 6 to 12 feet high and wide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ornamental characteristics:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>spikes of small, white flowers in early to late May<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>clusters of brilliant red berries from late June through late July<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>striking winter form in plants pruned as small trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Landscape Use<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Scarlet elder belongs in the cool, moist woodland landscape beneath the canopy of yellow birch (<em>Betula alleghaniensis<\/em>) and sugar maple (<em>Acer saccharum<\/em>), keeping company with beaked filbert (<em>Corylus cornuta<\/em>), roundleaf dogwood (<em>Cornus rugosa<\/em>), and mapleleaf viburnum (<em>Viburnum acerifolium<\/em>). With a minimum of effort, you can prune scarlet elders to form small, open-branched trees. Groupings of artfully pruned plants add a great deal of structural interest to the winter woodland landscape.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-flowers.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-flowers-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"Sambucus racemosa var. pubens flowers\" class=\"wp-image-15840\" style=\"width:370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-flowers-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-flowers-105x77.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-flowers-317x233.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-flowers-423x311.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-flowers.jpg 429w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo by Reeser C. Manley<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>Sambucus racemosa<\/em> var. <em>pubens <\/em>produces flowers and fruits earlier than its better-known relative, American elder (<em>S. canadensis<\/em>). The two can be grown together, the bright red berries of scarlet elder mingling with American elder\u2019s flat-topped clusters of creamy white flowers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because scarlet elder is not tolerant of most environmental stresses associated with managed landscapes, avoid using it in seasonally flooded areas, in sites exposed to deicing salts, or in sites surrounded by paving or buildings that intensify summer heat. Also, provide scarlet elder with water in summer droughts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Culture<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hardiness:<\/strong> USDA zone 3a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-illo.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"288\" height=\"283\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-illo.jpg\" alt=\"Sambucus racemosa var. pubens illustration\" class=\"wp-image-15841\" style=\"width:370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-illo.jpg 288w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-illo-105x103.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-illo-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,288px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Drawing by Margery Read<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Soil requirements:<\/strong> prefers moderately to well-drained soils<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Light requirements: <\/strong>very shade-tolerant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Stress tolerances:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>soil compaction \u2014 intolerant<br>pollution \u2014 intolerant<br>deicing salts \u2014 intolerant<br>urban heat islands \u2014 intolerant<br>drought \u2014 intolerant<br>seasonal flooding \u2014 very intolerant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Insect and disease problems:<\/strong> none serious<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Wildlife Value<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The fruits of <em>S. pubens <\/em>are poisonous to humans; however, they are eaten safely by many bird species, including red-eyed vireos, woodland thrushes, catbirds, and upland game birds, as well as by large and small mammals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Maintenance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Irrigation:<\/strong> Water shrubs regularly for at least one year after planting. Apply 1 inch of water over the root zone once a week until leaves fall in autumn: in general, a shrub\u2019s root zone extends twice as wide as its canopy. Once established, plants should survive even when no rain falls for up to two weeks. Keep soil moist by watering thoroughly once per week when needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fertilization:<\/strong> Landscape trees and shrubs should not be fertilized unless a soil test indicates a need. Correct soil pH, if necessary, by amending the backfill soil. No nitrogen fertilizer should be added at planting or during the first growing season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>To learn more about native woody plants<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Visit the Eastern Maine Native Plant Arboretum at University of Maine Cooperative Extension&#8217;s Penobscot County office, 307 Maine Avenue in Bangor. Established in 2004, the arboretum displays 24 different native tree and shrub species that can be used in managed landscapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Reviewed by Cathy Neal, Extension professor, University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension.<br>Photos by Reeser C. Manley.<br>Illustration by Margery Read, Extension Master Gardener.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/maine.gov\/doc\/mfs\/projectcanopy\/index.htm\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"108\" height=\"111\" src=\"http:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/06\/projectcanopylogo.jpg\" alt=\"project canopy logo\" class=\"wp-image-1732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/06\/projectcanopylogo.jpg 108w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/06\/projectcanopylogo-105x108.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2010\/06\/projectcanopylogo-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 108px) 100vw, 108px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>This series of publications and the associated research were made possible in part by the Maine Forest Service\u2019s Project Canopy.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Information in this publication is provided purely for educational purposes. No responsibility is assumed for any problems associated with the use of products or services mentioned. No endorsement of products or companies is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products or companies implied.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a9 2008<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Call 800.287.0274 (in Maine), or 207.581.3188, for information on publications and program offerings from University of Maine Cooperative Extension, or visit <a href=\"http:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\">extension.umaine.edu<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The University of Maine System (the System) is an equal opportunity institution committed to fostering a nondiscriminatory environment and complying with all applicable nondiscrimination laws. Consistent with State and Federal law, the System does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, transgender status, gender, gender identity or expression, ethnicity, national origin, citizenship status, familial status, ancestry, age, disability (physical or mental), genetic information, pregnancy, or veteran or military status in any aspect of its education, programs and activities, and employment. The System provides reasonable accommodations to qualified individuals with disabilities upon request. If you believe you have experienced discrimination or harassment, you are encouraged to contact the System Office of Equal Opportunity and Title IX Services at 5713 Chadbourne Hall, Room 412, Orono, ME 04469-5713, by calling 207.581.1226, or via TTY at 711 (Maine Relay System). For more information about Title IX or to file a complaint, please contact the UMS Title IX Coordinator at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.maine.edu\/title-ix\/\">www.maine.edu\/title-ix\/<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Developed by Marjorie Peronto, Associate Extension Professor, University of Maine Cooperative Extension; and Reeser C. Manley, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, University of Maine. For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu.Find more of our publications and books at extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/. Go native! This series of publications is the result of a five-year research project [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":291,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2146","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bulletin #2581, Native Trees and Shrubs for Maine Landscapes: Scarlet Elder (Sambucus racemosa var. pubens) - Cooperative Extension Publications - University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scarlet elder belongs in the cool, moist woodland landscape beneath the canopy of yellow birch and sugar maple, keeping company with beaked filbert, roundleaf dogwood, and mapleleaf viburnum.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2581e\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bulletin #2581, Native Trees and Shrubs for Maine Landscapes: Scarlet Elder (Sambucus racemosa var. pubens) - Cooperative Extension Publications - University of Maine Cooperative Extension\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scarlet elder belongs in the cool, moist woodland landscape beneath the canopy of yellow birch and sugar maple, keeping company with beaked filbert, roundleaf dogwood, and mapleleaf viburnum.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2581e\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cooperative Extension Publications\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-23T16:30:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-300x230.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2581e\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2581e\/\",\"name\":\"Bulletin #2581, Native Trees and Shrubs for Maine Landscapes: Scarlet Elder (Sambucus racemosa var. pubens) - Cooperative Extension Publications - University of Maine Cooperative Extension\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2581e\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2581e\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens-300x230.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-06-21T18:53:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-23T16:30:22+00:00\",\"description\":\"Scarlet elder belongs in the cool, moist woodland landscape beneath the canopy of yellow birch and sugar maple, keeping company with beaked filbert, roundleaf dogwood, and mapleleaf viburnum.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2581e\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2581e\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2581e\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/01\/sambucus-racemosa-var-pubens.jpg\",\"width\":429,\"height\":329,\"caption\":\"Photo by Reeser C. 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