{"id":31438,"date":"2024-06-28T09:18:48","date_gmt":"2024-06-28T13:18:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/?page_id=31438"},"modified":"2025-08-21T13:00:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T17:00:09","slug":"1036e","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/1036e\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulletin #1036, Prevent and Manage Heat Stress in Your Livestock"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>By Rachel White, Ph.D., Assistant Extension Professor, University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-drinking-water-umaine-extension-white.jpg\" alt=\"Sheep drinking from water tub.\" class=\"wp-image-31436\" style=\"width:370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-drinking-water-umaine-extension-white.jpg 850w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-drinking-water-umaine-extension-white-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-drinking-water-umaine-extension-white-768x488.jpg 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-drinking-water-umaine-extension-white-105x67.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-drinking-water-umaine-extension-white-317x201.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-drinking-water-umaine-extension-white-423x269.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-drinking-water-umaine-extension-white-634x403.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-drinking-water-umaine-extension-white-846x537.jpg 846w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,850px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sheep drinking from water tub. \u2013 UMaine Extension Photo<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/\">extension.umaine.edu<\/a>.<\/strong><br><strong>Find more of our publications and books at <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/\">extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Summer weather is finally here! While us humans do have the ability to escape the heat, our livestock may need additional assistance in times of weather changes, including extreme heat cycles. Below are a few tips to help our furry and feathered friends be comfortable in the summer heat and how to identify heat stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Check the weather forecast.<\/strong> If it is hot for you, it is hot for them. High heat is an obvious factor, however the addition of high humidity can impact the effectiveness of an animal\u2019s natural cooling responses, such as panting and sweating, potentially leading to heat stress. Using a Temperature Humidity index (THI) chart, like the example below, for specific animal species can help inform management decisions. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-1024x261.jpg\" alt=\"Click image for full descriptive text.\" class=\"wp-image-31434\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-1024x261.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-300x76.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-768x196.jpg 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-1536x391.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-2048x522.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-105x27.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-317x81.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-423x108.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-634x161.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-846x215.jpg 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-951x242.jpg 951w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/Livestock-Heat-Index-scaled-1-1268x323.jpg 1268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Click image to enlarge.<\/strong> Example of a Temperature Humidity Index (THI) for dairy cows. Ranges for heat stress: Yellow is mild, orange is moderate, and red is severe risk. (Full descriptive text: A cross chart of temperature (in Fahrenheit) and relative humidity, where values are crossed to give the heat index. The heat index range of 72 degrees to 78 degrees is mild risk, 79 degrees to 89 degrees is moderate risk, and 90 degrees and above is severe risk of heat-induced stress. \u2013 Graphic, UMaine Extension)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Always keep water clean and accessible.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\" id=\"16494\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-in-a-shelter-on-a-hot-day-umaine-extension-white.jpg\" alt=\"Sheep under shelter in the shade.\" class=\"wp-image-31435\" style=\"width:370px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-in-a-shelter-on-a-hot-day-umaine-extension-white.jpg 960w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-in-a-shelter-on-a-hot-day-umaine-extension-white-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-in-a-shelter-on-a-hot-day-umaine-extension-white-768x444.jpg 768w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-in-a-shelter-on-a-hot-day-umaine-extension-white-105x61.jpg 105w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-in-a-shelter-on-a-hot-day-umaine-extension-white-317x183.jpg 317w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-in-a-shelter-on-a-hot-day-umaine-extension-white-423x245.jpg 423w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-in-a-shelter-on-a-hot-day-umaine-extension-white-634x367.jpg 634w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-in-a-shelter-on-a-hot-day-umaine-extension-white-846x489.jpg 846w, https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/06\/sheep-in-a-shelter-on-a-hot-day-umaine-extension-white-951x550.jpg 951w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 85vw, (max-width: 768px) 67vw, (max-width: 1024px) 62vw,960px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sheep under shelter in the shade. Cedar and fir boughs added to help with fly relief. \u2013 UMaine Extension Photo<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Provide sources of cover and cooling.<\/strong> Lean-to structures, barns, tree cover, or homemade canopies can limit the direct sunlight. Ensure shade coverage space to fit all animals. Barns should be well ventilated, and the use of fans can create air movement. Misting and sprinkler systems can be installed to help cool animals down, though it is recommended to pair this with fanning systems to prevent creating a more humid environment. Keep cooling areas clean, as excessive manure buildup can result in other health problems such as parasite and bacterial spread.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Turn out in the cooler parts of the day.<\/strong> Though food should be available during the day, the metabolization of meals creates internal heat so animals may choose to actively eat when it is cooler. &nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cold baths.<\/strong> Some animals, such as horses, might benefit from being hosed down. Make sure the water is wicked away after, as high heat and humidity can reduce the effectiveness of water evaporation from the coat and can cause overheating. Never hose down a woolly sheep for this reason.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transport and work animals in the cooler parts of the day.<\/strong> For many animals, transporting is stressful in and of itself. Prevent heat stress by hauling in the early morning or in the evening. Likewise, work with animals before or after the high heat period of the day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shear long haired or woolly animals.<\/strong> Sheep in wool and other animals with thicker coats are more prone to heat stress. Shearing before heat events can help mitigate heat stress risk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Signs and management of heat stress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Signs of heat stress include excessive panting (open mouth breathing), sweating, increased respiration rate and rectal temperature, depression, and decreased dry feed intake. This can lead to poor performance, such as decreased milk yield and reproductive ability, and can create secondary health impacts like increased internal parasite activity. Electrolytes added to a water source after observed heat stress can help replace mineral and electrolyte loss. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contact your veterinarian if you think your animal has been significantly affected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resources:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pugh, D. G., Baird, A. N., Edmondson, M. A., &amp; Passler, T. (2021). Sheep, goat, and cervid medicine (Third edition.). Elsevier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fathoni A, Boonkum W, Chankitisakul V, Duangjinda M. An Appropriate Genetic Approach for Improving Reproductive Traits in Crossbred Thai-Holstein Cattle under Heat Stress Conditions. Vet Sci. 2022 Mar 28;9(4):163. doi: 10.3390\/vetsci9040163.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Information in this publication is provided purely for educational purposes. No responsibility is assumed for any problems associated with the use of products or services mentioned. No endorsement of products or companies is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products or companies implied.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a9 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Call 800.287.0274 (in Maine), or 207.581.3188, for information on publications and program offerings from University of Maine Cooperative Extension, or visit <a href=\"http:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\">extension.umaine.edu<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The University of Maine System (the System) is an equal opportunity institution committed to fostering a nondiscriminatory environment and complying with all applicable nondiscrimination laws. Consistent with State and Federal law, the System does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, transgender status, gender, gender identity or expression, ethnicity, national origin, citizenship status, familial status, ancestry, age, disability (physical or mental), genetic information, pregnancy, or veteran or military status in any aspect of its education, programs and activities, and employment. The System provides reasonable accommodations to qualified individuals with disabilities upon request. If you believe you have experienced discrimination or harassment, you are encouraged to contact the System Office of Equal Opportunity and Title IX Services at 5713 Chadbourne Hall, Room 412, Orono, ME 04469-5713, by calling 207.581.1226, or via TTY at 711 (Maine Relay System). For more information about Title IX or to file a complaint, please contact the UMS Title IX Coordinator at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.maine.edu\/title-ix\/\">www.maine.edu\/title-ix\/<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Rachel White, Ph.D., Assistant Extension Professor, University of Maine Cooperative Extension For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu.Find more of our publications and books at extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/. Summer weather is finally here! While us humans do have the ability to escape the heat, our livestock may need additional assistance in times of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31438","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bulletin #1036, Prevent and Manage Heat Stress in Your Livestock - Cooperative Extension Publications - University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/1036e\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bulletin #1036, Prevent and Manage Heat Stress in Your Livestock - Cooperative Extension Publications - University of Maine Cooperative Extension\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Rachel White, Ph.D., Assistant Extension Professor, University of Maine Cooperative Extension For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu.Find more of our publications and books at extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/. 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