{"id":31994,"date":"2024-12-03T13:22:44","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T18:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/?page_id=31994"},"modified":"2025-07-16T08:18:17","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:18:17","slug":"9643e","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/9643e\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulletin #9643, 2024 Maine Cool-Season Legume Variety Trial"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bulletin #9643, 2024 Maine Cool-Season Legume Variety Trial (PDF for printing)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Jaime Garzon, Assistant Extension Professor and Forage Educator, University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu<\/a>.<\/strong>
Find more of our publications and books at extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
\n
\"Legume<\/a>
Legume plots in Maine during the 2024 summer at Rogers Farm.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Grasslands in livestock operations require a nutrient return after each grazing or cutting to perform adequately, especially nitrogen (N). In previous years, forage managers relied on the Maine poultry industry to fulfill this N requirement or purchase urea, ammonium diphosphate, or other N fertilizers in conventional productions. However, Maine\u2019s poultry industry has withered, and fertilizer prices continue to rise, causing a notorious lack of N sources for forages and hayfields. Consequently, more farmers are seeking to establish legumes in their grasslands to benefit from the biological N fixation process and the increase in quality in livestock diets, improving the passage rate and digestibility for the animal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is a lack of knowledge about the performance of different legume varieties in Maine-specific soil and weather characteristics. Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and New York states have reported performance and nutritive value results of alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and clovers. Differences in climatic and soil conditions may impact the biomass accumulation and nutritive value of forages cropped in different states, and there are no reports of legume variety performances in Maine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, this study’s objective seeks to evaluate the performance, nutritive value, and N fixation of several varieties on four legume species used as forages in Maine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trial design, varieties, and measured variables<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The study was conducted in two locations from September 2023 to October 2024. The first place was at the University of Maine, Rogers Farm, located in Old Town (ME) (44\u00b0 55\u2019 43\u201d N; 68\u00b0 41\u2019 45\u201d W), under conventional management. The second location was at the Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center for Agriculture & the Environment, located in Freeport (ME) (43\u00b0 50\u2019 03\u201d N; 70\u00b0 04\u2019 52\u201d W) under organic management. The varieties and species are detailed in table 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Table 1.<\/strong> Legume varieties used for the Maine legume variety trial.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Location<\/th>Species<\/th>Variety<\/th>Provider<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Rogers Farm<\/td>Alfalfa<\/td>Kingfisher Stronghold<\/td>King\u2019s AgriSeeds<\/td><\/tr>
FSG Shockwave<\/td>Seedway<\/td><\/tr>
FSG SW 407<\/td>Seedway<\/td><\/tr>
Red clover<\/td>Freedom MR<\/td>King\u2019s AgriSeeds<\/td><\/tr>
Medium<\/td>King\u2019s AgriSeeds<\/td><\/tr>
FSG 402<\/td>Seedway<\/td><\/tr>
White clover<\/td>Alice<\/td>King\u2019s AgriSeeds<\/td><\/tr>
Ladino<\/td>Seedway<\/td><\/tr>
Crusade<\/td>Seedway<\/td><\/tr>
Birdsfoot trefoil<\/td>Bull<\/td>King\u2019s AgriSeeds<\/td><\/tr>
Dawn<\/td>King\u2019s AgriSeeds<\/td><\/tr>
Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center<\/td>Red clover<\/td>Medium<\/td>Lakeview Organic Grain<\/td><\/tr>
Manitoba<\/td>Lakeview Organic Grain<\/td><\/tr>
Mammoth<\/td>King\u2019s AgriSeeds<\/td><\/tr>
White clover<\/td>Rivendell<\/td>Lakeview Organic Grain<\/td><\/tr>
Ladino<\/td>Lakeview Organic Grain<\/td><\/tr>
Klondike<\/td>King\u2019s AgriSeeds<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In each location, legume varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, which means each variety was planted in three separate plots. Each plot measured 12 \u00d712 feet, with six feet of alleyways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before planting, a soil test was conducted in each place to determine nutrient levels in the experimental area. Results are shown in table 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Table 2.<\/strong> Soil characteristics at the two locations selected for the Maine legume variety trial.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Location<\/strong><\/td>Soil type<\/strong><\/td>pH<\/strong><\/td>Organic matter<\/strong><\/td>P<\/strong><\/td>K<\/strong><\/td>Ca<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
(%)<\/strong><\/td>(lb\/ac)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Rogers Farm<\/td>Pushaw-Boothbay silt-loam<\/td>6.0<\/td>4.0<\/td>6.0<\/td>203<\/td>1878<\/td><\/tr>
WNC<\/td>Scantic silt-loam<\/td>6.4<\/td>1.9<\/td>2.5<\/td>358<\/td>2594<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In Rogers Farm, the area was disked several times until no vegetation remained on the soil surface. On August 24, 2023, legume varieties were seeded in a prepared seedbed with a cone seeder, using 35, 19, 7, and 13 pounds of seed per acre for alfalfa, red clover, white clover, and birdsfoot trefoil, respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, the equivalent of 1000, 90, and 300 pounds per acre of dolomitic lime, phosphate (P2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>), and potash (K2<\/sub>O) were applied in the plots, following the recommendations of the Analytical Lab and Soil Testing Service at the University of Maine. Dolomitic lime was applied two weeks before planting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center, the top layer of the designated area was removed to eliminate weed competition. Red and white clover were planted by broadcasting on August 16th<\/sup>, 2023, using 25 and 10 pounds of seed per acre for red and white clover. Neither alfalfa nor birdsfoot trefoil was planted in this location because the soil is too moist and clayey for alfalfa to thrive, and no organic trefoil seed was available at the experiment establishment time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After one year of establishment, two areas of 20 by 20 inches were harvested with a sickle knife at ground level in each plot and used to calculate the yield on a dry matter basis. Two subsamples were also taken, dried at 176 \u00b0F for 72 h, and used for nutritive value and N fixation determination. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), NDF digestibility at 30 hours, and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) were determined by NIR analyses in the DairyOne\u00ae lab. Nitrogen fixation was determined using the natural abundance technique, where the N isotopic ratios were processed by the University of Florida North Florida Research and Education Center Forage lab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before the biomass sampling, preharvest canopy height and cover were evaluated using a measuring stick and a frame with 25 4-by-4-inch quadrats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling began in June 2024, with all plots being sampled and then cut homogeneously to four inches of stubble height. Harvests were made every 35 days until September 2024, when the plants grown were stunned due to the air temperature and day length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Statistical analysis<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

All data were analyzed using mixed-model Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), in which blocks and their interactions were considered random effects. Treatments were considered different to a significance level \u2264 0.05<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Birdsfoot trefoil Dawn showed minimal germination at Rogers Farm despite being subjected to the same environmental and management conditions as the other varieties. Therefore, the analyses were conducted without considering this variety for the trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cover and yield<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

None of the varieties showed significant differences in yield and cover, possibly due to the great variation in each treatment. Still, trends in responses were observed, such as lower white clover yield compared to other legumes at Rogers Farm (778 vs. 1029 pounds of dry matter (DM) per acre) and Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center (217 vs. 421 pounds DM per acre) (Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(a)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(b)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure
Figure 1.<\/strong> Legume yield and cover at (a) Rogers Farm and (b) Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

At Rogers Farm, alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and red clover produced similar biomass, with slightly greater cover for red and white clover (figure 1a). This indicates that white clover devoted more of its growth to the horizontal axis than the vertical, promoting greater cover but lower biomass yield. At Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center, white clover varieties outperformed red clover in yield and cover (Figure 1b), possibly due to the clayey and low-drainage characteristics of the soil. On average, legume heights at cutting were 14, 12, 9, and 10 inches for alfalfa, red clover, white clover, and birdsfoot trefoil, respectively, observing an increase in July and August, but a decrease in September and remaining below four inches at the time of clipping in October.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nutritive value<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

There were significant differences between the nutritive parameters within the legume species, with a similar tendency observed for yield. At Rogers Farm, alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and red clover reported similar crude protein and digestibility ratios (26 and 49%, respectively), with higher NDF and lower NFC for red clover (42 and 17%, respectively) (Figure 2a). Additionally, white clover showed the best nutritive value, with greater digestibility and NFC, and lower NDF at both locations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(a)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(b)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure
Figure 2.<\/strong> Nutritive value of legumes at (a) Rogers Farm and (b) Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Biological N fixation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

No statistical differences were observed due to variation within each variety. However, in most species, more than 80% of the N contained within the plant came from the air, thus denoting the high fixing capacity of most of the varieties evaluated (table 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Table 3.<\/strong> Nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (NDFA) and atmospheric N fixed (ANF) of all the varieties evaluated in this legume trial.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Location<\/strong><\/td>Species<\/strong><\/td>Variety<\/strong><\/td>NDFA<\/strong><\/td>ANF<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
(%)<\/strong><\/td>(lb N\/ac\/harvest)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Rogers Farm<\/td>Alfalfa<\/td>Stronghold<\/td>88.7<\/td>34.6<\/td><\/tr>
Shockwave<\/td>76.3<\/td>34.1<\/td><\/tr>
SW 407<\/td>82.5<\/td>34.5<\/td><\/tr>
Birdsfoot trefoil<\/td>Bull<\/td>83.2<\/td>33.8<\/td><\/tr>
Red clover<\/td>Freedom<\/td>81.3<\/td>40.4<\/td><\/tr>
Medium<\/td>84.8<\/td>27.4<\/td><\/tr>
FSG 402<\/td>82.8<\/td>33.8<\/td><\/tr>
White clover<\/td>Alice<\/td>53.4<\/td>20.7<\/td><\/tr>
Ladino<\/td>51.0<\/td>17.5<\/td><\/tr>
Crusade<\/td>53.7<\/td>12.3<\/td><\/tr>
Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center<\/td>Red clover<\/td>Medium<\/td>96.3<\/td>10.2<\/td><\/tr>
Manitoba<\/td>94.3<\/td>6.9<\/td><\/tr>
Mammoth<\/td>95.5<\/td>7.7<\/td><\/tr>
White clover<\/td>Rivendell<\/td>95.2<\/td>11.2<\/td><\/tr>
Ladino<\/td>92.0<\/td>15.0<\/td><\/tr>
Klondike<\/td>93.3<\/td>11.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A direct relation was also observed between biomass production and the amount of nitrogen available in each variety. Thus, Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center clovers had less than half the atmospheric N fixed than those at Rogers Farm (25.4 vs. 10.5 pounds of nitrogen\/acre\/harvest). Additionally, white clover had lower N deposition than alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and red clover at Rogers Farm, averaging 16.8, 34.4, 33.8, and 33.8 pounds of nitrogen\/acre\/harvest, respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Discussion<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Grazing legumes have gained importance in livestock operations in recent years due to the ecosystem services they provide to pastures. The different varieties evaluated in Maine showed these benefits, with average annual yields of 860 to 4,300 pounds DM per acre, depending on the species and management. The varieties under organic production showed lower performance but greater N fixation, probably due to a lower concentration of soluble nutrients in the soil due to the lack of fertilization. In addition, the clay soil at Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center created harder conditions for growing plants and a higher incidence of flooding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moreover, alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and red clover performed similarly, with great yield and good nutritive value. This shows that, under the right conditions, the selection of trefoil or red clover can match the performance of alfalfa without the strict limitations on soil type and texture. On the other hand, white clover had the lowest biomass production but it showed better adaptation for use as a cover crop and greater resilience to adverse conditions, such as those reported at the Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center. This lower growth was compensated with a higher nutritional quality by depositing less insoluble fiber in its tissues. This resulted in greater digestibility and soluble carbohydrate content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, all species showed an average deposition of 80 pounds of N per acre annually. The minimum N recommendation for grazing is 50 pounds per acre, so establishing legumes in the field would meet this requirement within the pasture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

There was great variability in biomass and nitrogen fixed among legume species. However, trends showed similar performance for alfalfa, red clover, and birdsfoot trefoil. White clover reported a greater nutritive value, but this does not detract from the good nutritional quality of the other species. Additionally, white clover showed greater resilience to adverse factors, having extra points as a cover crop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kingfisher Stronghold alfalfa, Bull birdsfoot trefoil, Freedom MR red clover, and Alice white clover were the best-performing varieties within each legume species evaluated for 2024. Under organic management, Medium red clover and Ladino white clover performed the best.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This trial will continue for two more years to evaluate the effect of year, winter survival, and performance of the different legume varieties. Therefore, the values \u200b\u200bshown in this report correspond only to 2024 and will probably be modified to include results from subsequent years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acknowledgements<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The University of Maine Cooperative Extension would like to thank Ana Paula Jimenez, Ph.D. Student, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Mr. Marco Chusho, Research Scholar, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, <\/em>and Thomas Molloy, Research Associate in Sustainable Agriculture, University of Maine Cooperative Extension for their assistance in establishing the trial and conducting subsequent samplings.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This project was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch\/McIntire-Stennis\/Animal Health project number ME0-5255745 through the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Annexes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Annex 1.<\/strong> Monthly values \u200b\u200bassessed across 11 legume varieties at Rogers Farm in 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Variety<\/strong><\/td>Month<\/strong><\/td>Yield<\/strong><\/td>Cover<\/strong><\/td>CP<\/strong><\/td>Digest<\/strong><\/td>NDF<\/strong><\/td>NFC<\/strong><\/td>NDFA<\/strong><\/td>ANF<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
(lb DM\/ac)<\/strong><\/td>(%)<\/strong><\/td>(lb N\/ac)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Stronghold<\/td>Jun<\/td>512<\/td>46<\/td>22.1<\/td>47.0<\/td>30.6<\/td>32.1<\/td>98.6<\/td>18.2<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>1393<\/td>85<\/td>21.7<\/td>46.3<\/td>39.7<\/td>25.4<\/td>96.8<\/td>46.4<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>1289<\/td>94<\/td>26.3<\/td>53.3<\/td>43.3<\/td>15.1<\/td>78.2<\/td>40.9<\/td><\/tr>
Sep<\/td>918<\/td>68<\/td>27.5<\/td>49.1<\/td>38.7<\/td>20.1<\/td>81.2<\/td>32.9<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>1028<\/em><\/strong><\/td>73<\/em><\/strong><\/td>24.4<\/em><\/strong><\/td>48.9<\/em><\/strong><\/td>38.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>23.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>88.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td>34.6<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Shockwave<\/td>Jun<\/td>414<\/td>69<\/td>23.5<\/td>46.3<\/td>27.3<\/td>32.7<\/td>93.2<\/td>14.3<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>1627<\/td>80<\/td>22.2<\/td>46.0<\/td>39.3<\/td>25.2<\/td>89.5<\/td>51.9<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>1521<\/td>92<\/td>27.3<\/td>51.8<\/td>41.5<\/td>16.5<\/td>72.2<\/td>47.6<\/td><\/tr>
Sep<\/td>936<\/td>74<\/td>30.3<\/td>55.1<\/td>37.0<\/td>18.0<\/td>50.1<\/td>22.6<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>1124<\/em><\/strong><\/td>79<\/em><\/strong><\/td>25.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>49.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>36.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>23.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>76.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>34.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
SW 407<\/td>Jun<\/td>478<\/td>61<\/td>22.7<\/td>47.0<\/td>30.6<\/td>31.6<\/td>99.1<\/td>18.3<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>1606<\/td>85<\/td>21.5<\/td>41.7<\/td>39.5<\/td>25.6<\/td>94.1<\/td>51.2<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>1330<\/td>94<\/td>27.0<\/td>51.8<\/td>42.6<\/td>15.6<\/td>76.2<\/td>42.2<\/td><\/tr>
Sep<\/td>938<\/td>69<\/td>28.9<\/td>52.2<\/td>38.5<\/td>19.0<\/td>60.8<\/td>26.5<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>1088<\/em><\/strong><\/td>77<\/em><\/strong><\/td>25.0<\/em><\/strong><\/td>48.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>37.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>23.0<\/em><\/strong><\/td>82.5<\/em><\/strong><\/td>34.5<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Average Alfalfa<\/strong><\/td>1080<\/strong><\/td>77<\/strong><\/td>25.1<\/strong><\/td>49.0<\/strong><\/td>37.4<\/strong><\/td>23.1<\/strong><\/td>82.5<\/strong><\/td>34.4<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Bull<\/td>Jun<\/td>397<\/td>38<\/td>25.1<\/td>42.0<\/td>25.1<\/td>33.6<\/td>92.7<\/td>14.6<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>1571<\/td>80<\/td>22.4<\/td>44.0<\/td>36.9<\/td>27.1<\/td>87.7<\/td>48.6<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>1455<\/td>84<\/td>27.5<\/td>53.0<\/td>41.1<\/td>18.8<\/td>82.6<\/td>52.3<\/td><\/tr>
Sep<\/td>628<\/td>70<\/td>29.0<\/td>54.1<\/td>33.8<\/td>23.4<\/td>69.9<\/td>19.6<\/td><\/tr>
Average trefoil<\/strong><\/td>1013<\/strong><\/td>68<\/strong><\/td>26.0<\/strong><\/td>48.3<\/strong><\/td>34.2<\/strong><\/td>25.7<\/strong><\/td>83.2<\/strong><\/td>33.8<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Freedom<\/td>Jun<\/td>1318<\/td>93<\/td>25.7<\/td>45.0<\/td>42.1<\/td>19.6<\/td>92.5<\/td>50.6<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>1493<\/td>99<\/td>25.1<\/td>48.7<\/td>49.0<\/td>12.3<\/td>86.3<\/td>51.5<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>1097<\/td>99<\/td>26.8<\/td>44.5<\/td>41.0<\/td>16.0<\/td>80.6<\/td>37.5<\/td><\/tr>
Sep<\/td>717<\/td>96<\/td>29.3<\/td>50.7<\/td>40.2<\/td>15.3<\/td>65.8<\/td>22.0<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>1156<\/em><\/strong><\/td>97<\/em><\/strong><\/td>26.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td>47.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>43.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>15.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>81.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>40.4<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Medium<\/td>Jun<\/td>371<\/td>43<\/td>28.8<\/td>54.0<\/td>37.8<\/td>18.5<\/td>93.8<\/td>15.7<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>1429<\/td>65<\/td>21.8<\/td>45.3<\/td>47.2<\/td>19.6<\/td>88.6<\/td>43.2<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>831<\/td>64<\/td>26.4<\/td>47.8<\/td>45.1<\/td>12.4<\/td>74.6<\/td>27.0<\/td><\/tr>
Sep<\/td>625<\/td>57<\/td>29.1<\/td>46.3<\/td>36.4<\/td>18.5<\/td>82.2<\/td>23.5<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>814<\/em><\/strong><\/td>57<\/em><\/strong><\/td>26.5<\/em><\/strong><\/td>48.4<\/em><\/strong><\/td>41.6<\/em><\/strong><\/td>17.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>84.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>27.4<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
FSG 402<\/td>Jun<\/td>758<\/td>84<\/td>28.6<\/td>46.7<\/td>40.4<\/td>17.1<\/td>93.7<\/td>32.6<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>1772<\/td>85<\/td>21.5<\/td>40.0<\/td>48.6<\/td>18.6<\/td>88.0<\/td>53.8<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>869<\/td>92<\/td>25.7<\/td>44.5<\/td>44.9<\/td>13.5<\/td>74.7<\/td>27.2<\/td><\/tr>
Sep<\/td>636<\/td>82<\/td>28.9<\/td>43.8<\/td>36.4<\/td>17.9<\/td>74.5<\/td>21.6<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>1009<\/em><\/strong><\/td>86<\/em><\/strong><\/td>26.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>43.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td>42.6<\/em><\/strong><\/td>16.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>82.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>33.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Average red clover<\/strong><\/td>993<\/strong><\/td>80<\/strong><\/td>26.5<\/strong><\/td>46.4<\/strong><\/td>42.4<\/strong><\/td>16.6<\/strong><\/td>82.9<\/strong><\/td>33.9<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Alice<\/td>Jun<\/td>873<\/td>82<\/td>26.7<\/td>62.0<\/td>26.5<\/td>30.1<\/td>89.8<\/td>33.0<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>1313<\/td>83<\/td>23.8<\/td>55.0<\/td>35.3<\/td>26.1<\/td>67.6<\/td>33.6<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>803<\/td>96<\/td>27.5<\/td>65.4<\/td>38.0<\/td>19.3<\/td>44.3<\/td>12.6<\/td><\/tr>
Sep<\/td>481<\/td>94<\/td>31.2<\/td>57.8<\/td>33.2<\/td>20.2<\/td>11.8<\/td>3.8<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>867<\/em><\/strong><\/td>89<\/em><\/strong><\/td>27.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>60.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>33.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>23.9<\/em><\/strong><\/td>53.4<\/em><\/strong><\/td>20.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Ladino<\/td>Jun<\/td>199<\/td>41<\/td>26.0<\/td>60.3<\/td>26.5<\/td>31.5<\/td>86.7<\/td>7.1<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>1615<\/td>86<\/td>23.9<\/td>50.7<\/td>33.2<\/td>28.7<\/td>68.6<\/td>42.2<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>947<\/td>91<\/td>27.7<\/td>70.7<\/td>42.4<\/td>14.2<\/td>22.2<\/td>10.0<\/td><\/tr>
Sep<\/td>737<\/td>89<\/td>30.8<\/td>59.6<\/td>33.7<\/td>20.2<\/td>26.3<\/td>10.7<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>874<\/em><\/strong><\/td>77<\/em><\/strong><\/td>27.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>60.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>34.0<\/em><\/strong><\/td>23.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td>51.0<\/em><\/strong><\/td>17.5<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Crusade<\/td>Jun<\/td>85<\/td>41<\/td>25.4<\/td>58.0<\/td>28.2<\/td>30.4<\/td>90.3<\/td>3.3<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>1112<\/td>88<\/td>25.1<\/td>57.3<\/td>31.1<\/td>28.2<\/td>73.3<\/td>30.7<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>833<\/td>87<\/td>25.0<\/td>64.0<\/td>38.5<\/td>20.9<\/td>32.5<\/td>11.0<\/td><\/tr>
Sep<\/td>461<\/td>78<\/td>29.4<\/td>59.8<\/td>36.7<\/td>17.6<\/td>18.9<\/td>4.1<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>623<\/em><\/strong><\/td>74<\/em><\/strong><\/td>26.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>59.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>33.6<\/em><\/strong><\/td>24.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>53.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td>12.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Average white clover<\/strong><\/td>788<\/td>80<\/td>26.9<\/td>60.0<\/td>33.6<\/td>23.9<\/td>52.7<\/td>16.8<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
CP: Crude protein; Digest: NDF Digestibility at 30 hours; NDF: Neutral detergent fibers; NFC: Non-fiber carbohydrates; NDFA: Nitrogen derived from the atmosphere; ANF: Atmospheric nitrogen fixed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Annex 2.<\/strong> Monthly values \u200b\u200bassessed across six legume varieties at Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center in 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Variety<\/strong><\/td>Month<\/strong><\/td>Yield<\/strong><\/td>Cover<\/strong><\/td>CP<\/strong><\/td>Digest<\/strong><\/td>NDF<\/strong><\/td>NFC<\/strong><\/td>NDFA<\/strong><\/td>ANF<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
(lb DM\/ac)<\/strong><\/td>(%)<\/strong><\/td>(lb N\/ac)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Medium<\/td>Jun<\/td>340<\/td>19.1<\/td>25.4<\/td>50.0<\/td>30.8<\/td>31.0<\/td>97.7<\/td>13.4<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>273<\/td>14.6<\/td>20.7<\/td>47.0<\/td>41.0<\/td>27.6<\/td>97.1<\/td>8.8<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>63<\/td>17.6<\/td>21.3<\/td>48.4<\/td>41.0<\/td>24.7<\/td>91.3<\/td>2.0<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>271<\/em><\/strong><\/td>17.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>23.6<\/em><\/strong><\/td>49.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>34.9<\/em><\/strong><\/td>29.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>96.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>10.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Manitoba<\/td>Jun<\/td>238<\/td>8.0<\/td>24.5<\/td>52.7<\/td>29.7<\/td>32.3<\/td>97.5<\/td>9.1<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>208<\/td>6.3<\/td>21.1<\/td>41.0<\/td>36.3<\/td>31.2<\/td>87.6<\/td>5.8<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>75<\/td>18.0<\/td>21.3<\/td>47.3<\/td>40.0<\/td>25.1<\/td>97.9<\/td>2.5<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>201<\/em><\/strong><\/td>10.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>22.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>47.9<\/em><\/strong><\/td>33.6<\/em><\/strong><\/td>30.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td>94.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>6.9<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Mammoth<\/td>Jun<\/td>271<\/td>41.6<\/td>28.5<\/td>51.0<\/td>30.4<\/td>28.8<\/td>95.4<\/td>11.7<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>49<\/td>26.1<\/td>25.3<\/td>56.2<\/td>35.2<\/td>25.5<\/td>95.5<\/td>1.9<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>182<\/em><\/strong><\/td>33.9<\/em><\/strong><\/td>27.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>53.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>32.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>27.5<\/em><\/strong><\/td>95.5<\/em><\/strong><\/td>7.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Average red clover<\/strong><\/td>218<\/strong><\/td>20.6<\/strong><\/td>24.5<\/strong><\/td>50.0<\/strong><\/td>33.6<\/strong><\/td>29.1<\/strong><\/td>95.3<\/strong><\/td>8.3<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Rivendell<\/td>Jun<\/td>495<\/td>19.5<\/td>19.1<\/td>60.0<\/td>35.7<\/td>32.9<\/td>93.3<\/td>13.9<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>398<\/td>10.4<\/td>18.7<\/td>48.5<\/td>38.2<\/td>32.0<\/td>97.3<\/td>11.6<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>55<\/td>30.0<\/td>23.8<\/td>62.2<\/td>31.0<\/td>32.0<\/td>96.7<\/td>2.0<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>389<\/em><\/strong><\/td>20.0<\/em><\/strong><\/td>19.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td>56.5<\/em><\/strong><\/td>35.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td>32.4<\/em><\/strong><\/td>95.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>11.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Ladino<\/td>Jun<\/td>835<\/td>31.3<\/td>21.9<\/td>57.0<\/td>33.6<\/td>31.5<\/td>93.2<\/td>26.9<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>378<\/td>11.3<\/td>20.0<\/td>50.7<\/td>37.9<\/td>30.4<\/td>92.1<\/td>11.0<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>99<\/td>17.7<\/td>22.6<\/td>63.3<\/td>33.6<\/td>29.2<\/td>89.9<\/td>3.2<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>480<\/em><\/strong><\/td>20.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>21.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>56.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>35.2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>30.5<\/em><\/strong><\/td>92.0<\/em><\/strong><\/td>15.0<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Klondike<\/td>Jun<\/td>472<\/td>27.4<\/td>21.5<\/td>57.3<\/td>28.4<\/td>36.6<\/td>94.6<\/td>15.5<\/td><\/tr>
Jul<\/td>528<\/td>5.2<\/td>19.3<\/td>46.7<\/td>37.3<\/td>31.6<\/td>93.5<\/td>15.3<\/td><\/tr>
Aug<\/td>167<\/td>24.7<\/td>20.3<\/td>54.5<\/td>36.3<\/td>29.9<\/td>91.7<\/td>4.9<\/td><\/tr>
Average<\/em><\/strong><\/td>389<\/em><\/strong><\/td>19.1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>20.4<\/em><\/strong><\/td>52.8<\/em><\/strong><\/td>34.0<\/em><\/strong><\/td>32.7<\/em><\/strong><\/td>93.3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>11.9<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Average white clover<\/strong><\/td>419<\/strong><\/td>19.7<\/strong><\/td>20.5<\/strong><\/td>55.2<\/strong><\/td>35.0<\/strong><\/td>31.9<\/strong><\/td>93.5<\/strong><\/td>12.7<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
CP: Crude protein; Digest: NDF Digestibility at 30 hours; NDF: Neutral detergent fibers; NFC: Non-fiber carbohydrates; NDFA: Nitrogen derived from the atmosphere; ANF: Atmospheric nitrogen fixed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Information in this publication is provided purely for educational purposes. No responsibility is assumed for any problems associated with the use of products or services mentioned. No endorsement of products or companies is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products or companies implied.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a9 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Call 800.287.0274 (in Maine), or 207.581.3188, for information on publications and program offerings from University of Maine Cooperative Extension, or visit extension.umaine.edu<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bulletin #9643, 2024 Maine Cool-Season Legume Variety Trial (PDF for printing) By Jaime Garzon, Assistant Extension Professor and Forage Educator, University of Maine Cooperative Extension For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu.Find more of our publications and books at extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/. Introduction Grasslands in livestock operations require a nutrient return after each grazing […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31994","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBulletin #9643, 2024 Maine Cool-Season Legume Variety Trial - Cooperative Extension Publications - University of Maine Cooperative Extension<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/9643e\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bulletin #9643, 2024 Maine Cool-Season Legume Variety Trial - Cooperative Extension Publications - University of Maine Cooperative Extension\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bulletin #9643, 2024 Maine Cool-Season Legume Variety Trial (PDF for printing) By Jaime Garzon, Assistant Extension Professor and Forage Educator, University of Maine Cooperative Extension For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu.Find more of our publications and books at extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/. 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